American €pieitopal 
Cljutcl) in CJina 



ANNETTE B. RICHMOND 



THE DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN MISSIONARY SOCIETY OP THE 
PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH IN THE UNITED STATES OP AMERICA 




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The American Episcopal 
Church in China 



By ANNETTE B. RICHMOND 

A member of the staff 
of the District of Shanghai 



PUBLISHED BY 

THE DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN MISSIONARY SOCIETY 

OF THE PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH IN THE 

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 

281 Fourth Avenue, New York 



1907 



Copies of this book maybe obtained from the Educational Secretary. 
Price, in paper, 50 cents. In cloth, 75 cents. 






Two Copies rtecejy,j.j 

APB .24 1908 



Copyright, 1907, by 
The Domestic and Foreign Missionary Society 



TO THE REV. E. H. THOMSON, 

WHOSE LIFE HAS BEEN SPENT IN THE 

SERVICE OF THE CHINA MISSION, 

THIS HISTORY IS INSCRIBED 



CONTENTS 

CHAPTERS PAGE 

Preface ix 

I The Beginnings i 

II Opening of Permanent Work ii 

III Early Growth and Progress 25 

IV A Period of Depression 2^7 

V Extension of the Work 51 

VI The Work Under Bishop Schereschewsky. . . ^^ 

VII The Work Under the Second Bishop Boone. 81 

VIII Growth and Extension 97 

IX The Division of the Diocese 109 

X The Mission in 1907 123 



APPENDICES 

A List of Books Prepared by the Members of the 

American Church Mission 137 

B List of Chinese Clergy 139 

C List of Missionaries 141 

D Chronology of the Mission 149 



vil 



ILLUSTRATIONS 

Bishops of the Anglican Communion in 

China Frontispiece ^' 

Rt. Rev. William J. Boone, D. D Page 12 ^ 

The Rev. Yung Kiung Yen, Mrs. Yen and 

Miss Yen " 58 ^ 

Bishop Schereschewsky, with his Chinese 

and Japanese Secretaries, working at his 

translation of the Bible " 68 / 

The Operating Room of St. Luke's Hospital, 

Shanghai, is absolutely up to date and 

efficient " 78 - 

The Redemption of Chinese Womanhood. . . " 86 , 

Some of the Chinese Clergy of the District 

of Hankow " 98 

The Waiting Room and Dispensary of St. 

Peter's Hospital, Wuchang " 102 ' 

The Rt. Rev. James Addison Ingle, M. A. . . " 117 
A General View of St. John's University 

Buildings " 126 / 

Students at Boone College, Wuchang, in 

the Library " 128 / 

Miss Porter of Tsing-poo speaking to a / 

group of Chinese outside the city wall. . " 132 



viii 



PREFACE. 

THE circumstances which have led to the pub- 
lication of this History of the work of the 
Mission of the American Church in China are 
these : It seemed that that work had been carried 
on for so long a time, and was of such importance 
in itself, and an object of such interest to the 
many men and women in the home land who are 
aiding it with their gifts and following it with 
their thoughts and prayers, that it required a 
record of its beginnings and progress which 
would furnish needed information to all who de- 
sired to know about the work of the Church in 
China. 

A short historical sketch had been published 
more than twenty-five years ago, and an excellent 
little pamphlet giving an outline of the work of 
the Mission was prepared by Mrs. J. H. Barbour 
and Miss M. C. Huntington in 1898 (revised 
1900), but there existed no book which would 
give a student of missions a full account of the 
history of this Mission from its beginnings in 

1835. 

The need of writing such a book at the present 
time was brought home to some of us by the 
thought that there was still one of our mission- 
aries remaining who is a link with the old days, 



X Preface 

and that we could call upon Archdeacon Thom- 
son's recollections of the past to supplement or 
explain the records which are contained in the old 
volumes of The Spirit of Missions, 

And, lastly, the fact that the China Mission 
now consists of two dioceses, each of which will 
in time develop its own history, made it desirable 
that the history of the years before the present 
period of expansion should be carefully and fully 
written. 

As it appeared that such a book would be of 
service not only to Church people who are stu- 
dents of missions and to all the members of the 
China Mission, present and future, but also to the 
Secretaries and the Board of Missions, as a 
work to which they could refer with confidence, 
and, further, that it might serve in time to come 
as a contribution to the general history of our 
American Church, it was decided that it should be 
written. 

At my request. Miss A. B. Richmond, who has 
been a member of the Mission for nine years, 
undertook the task, in addition to her regular mis- 
sion duties. The work has not been an easy one, 
and much time and attention have been devoted 
to it, including many days of her furlough at 
home; but by diligent exertion it has been suc- 
cessfully accomplished, and the readers of the 
book will recognize how well it has been done. 

The facts have been carefully verified, and the 



Preface xi 

references to the volumes of The Spirit of Mis- 
sions in the footnotes, as well as the historical and 
chronological summaries appended, will enable 
those who care to do so to find in the original 
records whatever they may wish to know about 
in greater detail. 

The aim of the author has been to furnish a 
reliable record — a history in a real sense. The 
scattered notices of the old letters and reports 
have been collected and combined in a clear and 
orderly narrative, and the book now goes forth to 
the Church with the hope that it may serve to 
quicken the interest and sustain the faith of those 
who read it in the work that has been done and is 
being done in China. 

F. R. Graves. 

St. Johns College, Shanghai, May 15th, 190'/, 



THE BEGINNINGS 



T 



THE BEGINNINGS 
1834-1845. 

HE mission of the American Church in China The Man 

Who Saw the 

owes its initial impulse to a man who never vision 
saw the field, who died at the early age of twenty- 
one, whose name is now little known and seldom 
appears in accounts of the work — Augustus Fos- 
ter Lyde, of North CaroHna. It was the hope of his 
short life to bear the Gospel to China, and to him 
the Church in America owes the first turn of her 
thoughts in that direction. He died in 1834, but 
before his death he had the happiness of knowing 
that a missionary had been appointed and was 
preparing to go to China. 

At the annual meeting of the Board of Direc- ^^^ Pioneers 
tors of the Domestic and Foreign Missionary 
Society, May 13th, 1834, Mr. E. A. Newton of- 
fered a resolution to the effect that the Board 
should establish a mission in China, Cochin- 
China, Siam, or Burmah. Next day an amend- 
ment to this resolution provided for the omission * 
of all the names except China, and the resolution, 
as amended, was adopted. The Executive Com- 



2 American Episcopal Church in China 

mittee was instructed to carry it into effect. The 
committee acted promptly, and on July 14th, 

• 1834, the Rev. Henry Lockwood, a graduate of 
the General Theological Seminary, was appointed 
missionary to China. At the request of the com- 
mittee, he immediately entered upon a course of 
medical study preparatory to his departure. It 
was the wish of the committee to send two men, 

^ and in March, 1835, ^he Rev. Francis R. Hanson, 
of Maryland, was appointed. After farewell ser- 
vices in Philadelphia and New York, the two 
young men sailed for Canton June 2d, 1835, the 
owners of the bark Morrison giving them free 
passage. Enough money was in hand to meet all 
the expenses of the mission for at least a year. 
The American Bible Society gave three hundred 
EngHsh Bibles for distribution and $1,000 for the 
purchase of the Scriptures in the Chinese lan- 
guage, while the Female Bible Society of Phila- 
delphia gave $100 for the purchase of Bibles to 
be distributed by the missionaries. 
Canton Mcssrs. Lockwood and Hanson reached Canton 
October 4th, 1835. There they were warmly wel- 
comed by the few resident foreigners ; but it was 
not long before it became evident that it would be 
exceedingly difficult to establish a mission there. 
Edicts had recently been issued forbidding the 
Chinese, on pain of death, to embrace '' the doc- 
trine of Jesus," and no Chinese dared to culti- 
vate the acquaintance of the foreigners, who were 



The Beginnings 



regarded with jealousy and suspicion by the offi- 
cials. The foreign residents were restricted to 
Canton and Macao, and the missionaries could 
get no opportunity among the people. Even the 
study of the language was almost impossible, 
since teachers could not be procured. The ex- 
pense of living was great and constantly in- 
creasing. 

After much discussion and consultation with Singapore 
the members of the London Missionary Society, 
Messrs. Lockwood and Hanson decided to go to 
Singapore. Chinese were settled there in large 
numbers under English control, and therefore it 
was preferable to the nearer Dutch and Spanish 
settlements, whose system of seclusion was hardly 
less severe than that of the Chinese. The expense 
of living in Singapore was less than half that in 
Canton, and the facilities for studying the lan- 
guage would apparently be far greater. Further 
investigation, however, seemed to show that Ba- 
tavia, on the Island of Java, offered still greater 
advantages. Accordingly the missionaries sailed 
from Singapore December 12th, reaching Batavia 
December 22d. 

Mails were slow and infrequent in those days, work Among 

^ •' ^ Chinese in 

but in the first number of The Spirit of Missions^ Batavia, Java 
published in January, 1836, appears a notice of 
the missionaries' arrival at Canton ; and the March 
number of the same year contains a joint letter 
from the two young men, describing their voyage 



4 American Episcopal Church in China 

and arrival at Canton and giving their reasons for 
removing to Singapore. In June appeared an- 
other letter, written from Batavia. In this all the 
advantages of the new location were set forth. 
There were large opportunities for missionary 
labor among both Chinese and Malays; no hin- 
drance to free intercourse with all classes; every 
facility for the study of the Chinese and Malay 
languages. The young men intended to open 
schools for Chinese and Malays, and to conduct 
public worship among the foreign residents. They 
considered Batavia an excellent place in which to 
prepare for the work they hoped to do in China 
when at last they should be able to establish 
themselves in that country. 

Mr. Hanson wrote : '' He who would preach 
the Gospel successfully in China must qualify 
himself for it in the same way in which he would 
prepare himself to preach the Gospel among civil- 
ized nations. He must not only acquire a knowl- 
edge of the language, but he must become ac- 
quainted with Chinese philosophy, modes of 
thought, civil, religious, social and domestic cus- 
toms. While knowledge continues to be acquired 
only by slow and painful steps, this will consume 
time. If in two or three years we acquire a suffi- 
cient knowledge of the languages and customs of 
the Chinese to justify our return to China, it will 
be quite as much as can reasonably be expected, 
and more, I fear, than will be realized/' 



The Beginnings 



The Man 
Who Became 



The committee approved of the missionaries' 
plans, but it is not surprising that at the October e^ish^'p^of 
meeting, 1836, they should vote that for the pres- ^^^^^ 
ent it seemed inexpedient to increase the number 
of missionaries to China. Nevertheless, in Janu- 
ary of the next year they appointed the Rev. 
William Jones Boone, m. d., of South Carolina, 
saying: ''The qualifications of Mr. Boone are 
so peculiarly adapted for this field that the com- 
mittee, after long and prayerful consideration, 
have acceded to his ardent wish to labor among 
the Chinese/' Mr. Boone was a graduate of 
South Carolina College and of the Virginia Theo- 
logical Seminary. He studied law and was ad- 
mitted to the Bar in 1833. His medical studies 
were undertaken with a view to labors in China. 
His interest in the work was no impulse, but an 
earnest feeling of long and steady growth. 
When a student in the Theological Seminary he 
was one evening walking back and forth in his 
rooms, with his hands behind him, as was his cus- 
tom, and talking most earnestly about going to 
work in China, when his room-mate said to him: 
'' But you can't go. China isn't open. It isn't 
possible." He turned and stood still. " Pinck- 
ney," he said, '' if by going to China and staying 
there the whole term of my natural life I could 
but oil the hinges of the door so that the next 
man who comes would be able to go in, I would 
be glad to go !" 



6 American Episcopal Church in China 

Such was the spirit of the man whom the com- 
mittee had appointed, and who was indeed to 
spend his life in and for China. He sailed with 
his wife from Boston July 8th, 1837, reaching 
Batavia October 226.. Shortly after their arrival 
Mr. Hanson, whose health had been failing, re- 
turned to America, and soon after reaching New 
York resigned from the mission. 

In a letter dated May 8th, 1838, Dr. Boone 
expresses his opinion concerning the acquisition 
of the Chinese language : '' I believe that an in- 
dividual with something more than an ordinary 
talent for acquiring languages, with a good ear 
for distinguishing sounds, provided he had been 
accustomed to study from early youth and knew 
how to apply his mind, may be actively and use- 
fully employed among the Chinese in two or 
three years, and that he will from the first make 
such improvement as will encourage him to per- 
severe, with strong hope, by divine blessing, of 
finally mastering all opposing difficulties." 
A Boysj By September of 1838 Dr. Boone wrote that 
the school of forty boys was prospering, and that 
he himself was advancing in the knowledge of 
both Chinese and Malay. His medical work was 
increasing, and was proving an aid in reaching all 
classes of the people. 

As yet there seemed no prospect of soon enter- 
ing China. Mr. Lockwood, who had been on a 
visit to Canton and Macao, wrote, in November, 



The Beginnings 7 

1838, " That China is far from being open to the 
Gospel is, I believe, now generally understood/' 
But he added : '' Still, the Church ought not to 
be discouraged. Some progress has been made, 
and if success is slow, it is certain in the end, be- 
cause the work is the Lord's, and He will be 
faithful to His promises/' 

In 1839, owing to the difficulty of keeping 
pupils after they became old enough to work, 
the school was reorganized on a new plan. Six- 
teen boys were formally given up to the mission- 
aries by their parents for a term of five years, to 
be educated in the Chinese and English lan- 
guages and to be instructed in the Christian doc- 
trine. The missionaries assumed the entire sup- 
port of the children. In this way they hoped to 
keep the boys long enough to make a definite im- 
pression upon them. 

In the same year Mr. Lockwood's failing health 
compelled his return to the United States. The 
change did not benefit him as he had hoped, and, 
with great reluctance, both on his part and on 
that of the committee, he retired from the mis- 
sion. Dr. and Mrs. Boone were thus left alone in 
the field. They continued to report great en- 
couragement in the school, and appealed earnest- 
ly for more workers. 

In September, 1840, Dr. Boone's health had ^^°^^^*° 
become so impaired that a change to a cooler 
climate was necessary, and accompanied by Mrs. 



8 American Episcopal Church in China 

Boone, he sailed for Singapore and Macao. He 
expected to be absent about six months, but dur- 
ing this time it became evident that it would be 
well to remove the mission to Macao, and with 
the approval of the committee, this was done 
early in 1841. Later in the same year Dr. Boone 
wrote that he hoped soon to remove to Amoy, 
'' which,'' he wrote, '' is the post in this whole em- 
pire that I should prefer to occupy, as it is the 
dialect of the place that I study, and, irrespective 
of that, it is one of the most desirable missionary 
stations in the empire/' This removal was ac- 
complished in 1842. 

It was a most favorable time for missionary 
effort. The five ports of Canton, Amoy, Foo- 
chow, Ningpo and Shanghai had just been opened 
as treaty-ports. Intercourse with the people was 
greatly facilitated. Everything was promising 
for the work, and the Church had one representa- 
tive in the empire. But this one did the work of 
five, and when his appeals for fellow-workers 
seemed to meet with no response he went on 
alone, undaunted, studying, teaching, preaching, 
translating, unchecked by his feeble health or by 
the grief at his wife's death in 1842. It then be- 
came necessary for him to return to America to 
place his motherless children under proper care. 
While at home he spared no effort to awaken 
interest in the China mission, and his appeals 
were answered by the appointment of six mis- 



The Beginnings 9 

sionaries and the pledge of a Hberal sum for their 
support. Three of the newly appointed workers 
were clergymen, three were single women ; and to 
Miss Eliza Gillett, of New York, belongs the 
honor of being the first single woman worker 
appointed to China by any mission board. 

REFERENCES TO THE SPIRIT OF MISSIONS 

Rev. A. F. Lyde (1865), p. 271. 

Disadvantages of Canton (1836), p. 79. 

Marriage of Rev. H. Lockwood (1836), p. 252. 

Appointment of the Rev. W. J. Boone (1837), PP- 58-69. 

China Open (1837), p. 90. 

Location of the Mission (1838), p. 209. 

The Language (1838), p. 326. 

Removal to Macao (1841), pp. 89-184. 

Renewed proposal to abandon Mission (1841), p. 365. 

Amoy (1842), pp. 53-310. 

Importance of the field (1843), pp. 361-382. 

Miss Gillett (1843), p. 484. 



THE OPENING OF PERMANENT WORK 




RIGHT RE;V. WII,I.IAM J. BOO>:E, D.D. 
First Bishop of the American Church in China 



II 

THE OPENING OF PERMANENT WORK 

1845-1853. 

THE outlook for mission work in China ap- ?^- Boone 
^ Consecrated 
peared so promising that the General Con- bishop 

vention, held in October, 1844, decided to appoint 
a bishop for the field. There could be but one 
choice — the man who had for five years labored 
there alone, who knew the people and their lan- 
guage — and so, on October 26th, Dr. Boone was 
consecrated in St. Peter's Church, Philadelphia, 
by the Right Rev. Philander Chase, Bishop of 
Ohio, assisted by Bishops Doane, of New Jersey ; 
Otey, of Tennessee, and Henshaw, of Rhode 
Island, Bishops Elliott, of Georgia, and Meade, of 
Virginia, acting as presenters. 

During his visit to America Bishop Boone was 
married to Miss Elliott, a sister of Bishop Elliott. 
On December 14th Bishop and Mrs. Boone sailed 
from New York for H^ong Kong, accompanied 
by the new missionaries, the Rev. H. W. and 
Mrs. Woods, the Rev. R. and Mrs. Graham, Miss 
Gillett, Miss Morse and Miss Emma Jones. 
After the long sailing voyage by the way of the 
Cape of Good Hope, the party reached Hong 

13 



14 American Episcopal Church in China 

Kong April 24th, 1845. It was a most auspicious 
period. Through the eflforts of the French Am- 
bassador, an imperial edict had been issued al- 
lowing foreigners to teach Christianity in the five 
open ports, and the Chinese to profess it in all 
parts of the empire. This edict, however, was 
soon followed by another, granting this toleration 
to Romanists only. Bishop Boone wrote at once 
, to Mr. Everett, the American minister, request- 
ing his intervention. Mr. Everett had not yet 
arrived at Canton, but the English governor. Sir 
John Davis, brought the matter to the notice of 
the Chinese Commissioner, with the result that 
a third edict was soon issued, granting toleration 
" to all those who do not make religion a pretext 
for doing evil.'' So, outwardly at least, all legal 
hindrance appeared to be removed. 
From Amoy During" Bishop Boone's stay in America the 

to Shanghai . °_ . ^ . . . , . , r 

Foreign Committee, acting on his knowledge of 
the field, had left to him the selection of the chief 
seat of the mission. On his arrival in Hong 
Kong he decided for Shanghai, and accordingly, 
after a brief stay in Hong Kong, he started north 
with his party, reaching Shanghai on June 17th, 

1845. 

Speaking commercially, Shanghai is, at the 
present day, the most important port in China. 
It is in the Province of Kiang-su, on the Woo- 
sung River, about fourteen miles from the Yang- 
tsz, and eighty miles from the coast. The city is 



The Opening of Permanent Work 15 

built on a low, flat plain, in the delta of the Yang- 
tsz, rich land, thickly settled and highly culti- 
vated. The native city is small, the wall being 
only about three miles in circumference, but out- 
side the wall lies the large foreign settlement, 
divided into the French and English concessions, 
and beyond these the plain is dotted with small 
native villages. Shanghai is an important centre 
of both foreign and domestic commerce, and has 
an extensive coasting trade. Its climate is gen- 
erally considered healthy for foreigners, though 
its extremes of damp depressing heat, and damp 
penetrating cold are trying. 

Most of the missionary bodies working in the 
empire have their centres in Shanghai. Medical 
and educational work can be carried on to great 
advantage; evangelistic work is always harder 
and less encouraging in the ports than in the 
interior. In a port the missionary struggles not 
only against heathenism, but against many evils 
brought in by the lowest classes of foreigners. 

In 1845 the large foreign settlement of to-day ?°sh'an^hai°^ 
was scarcely begun. For the most part the for- 
eigners dwelt inside the city wall. There the 
newly arrived missionaries took up their resi- 
dence, and devoted themselves to the study of the 
language, reciting to the bishop daily. A boys* 
school was opened under the charge of Miss 
Jones and Miss Morse, and the pupils entered for 
a term of ten years. Many applied, but as the 



i6 American Episcopal Church in China 

accommodations were very limited only the most 
promising were accepted. This school flourished 
from the beginning. The ladies devoted them- 
selves to their young charges, and the improve- 
ment they saw from day to day was consolation 
for many discouragements — for there were dis- 
couragements and trials to be met. Life in a 
Chinese city could not but be trying to the new- 
comers, and the greatest trial of all, the loss of 
some of the workers, had already begun. Miss 
Gillett had terminated her connection with the 
mission soon after her arrival by her marriage to 
Dr. Bridgman, of the American Board Mission; 
and in the fall of 1845 the Rev. Mr. Woods' poor 
health led him to retire from the field. On the 
other hand. Rev. E. W. and Mrs. Syle arrived 
just as the Woods were leaving; the missionaries 
were making good progress with the language; 
the people were friendly, and great hope was felt 
for the future. 
Men and Bishop Boouc kept the need of workers con- 
N^Jdld stantly in the thought of the Foreign Committee, 
writing : '' Keep steadily before the minds of our 
younger brethren that we want ten presbyters," 
and asking for single women of earnest Christian 
character, broad education and sound health. 
" We need,'' he wrote, '' the essential aid which 
such women, and such alone, can render to the 
mission." 

Easter Day, April 12th, 1846, was a memorable 



The Opening of Permanent Work 17 

day in the mission, for many reasons. The mis- ^a"?h^°Ki^.st 
sionaries reaped the first fruit of their sowing on |°ptf/ed 
that day in the baptism of the first convert. When 
Bishop Boone went to America in 1843 he was 
accompanied by a Chinese youth named Wong 
Kong-chai. On the return voyage to China this 
boy came to the bishop, saying that he wished to 
become a Christian, but on arriving in China 
family circumstances separated Kong-chai from 
the missionaries, and it was not until some months 
had passed and they had ceased to hope for his 
return that he joined them again. He applied 
himself to the study of the doctrine, and gave 
such proof of his sincerity and true faith, that on 
Easter Day his friends had the happiness of see- 
ing him receive baptism. On this day also " the 
bishop for the first time used his knowledge of 
the Shanghai dialect to make a short address and 
prayer after the baptism." 

Bishop Boone was an indefatigable worker, ^^^k^^^^^^ 
His health was poor, but he allowed himself very 
little rest. During 1846 he was busy in translat- 
ing and preparing books, assisted by Mr. Graham 
and Mr. Syle. He gave much time to the work of 
preparing a revised edition of the New Testa- 
ment in Chinese ; he composed a catechism for the 
use of the candidates for baptism, and translated 
from the Prayer-book, Morning Prayer and the 
services for baptism, confirmation, and the Holy 
Communion. Services in Chinese were held 



1 8 American Episcopal Church in China 

every Sunday, a house having been secured for 
school and chapel purposes. In an earnest ap- 
peal for more workers, the bishop asked for a 
doctor and for a young layman to take charge of 
the boys' school, so that Miss Jones and Miss 
Morse might be set free to labor among the 
women. He also asked for funds to build a 
church. 

Early in 1847 ^he Rev. Phineas D. Spalding 
was appointed, and in August of that year he 
reached Shanghai. The joy with which the little 
band of workers welcomed this addition to their 
number was tempered by their sorrow over Mr. 
Graham's retirement because of ill-health. 
Need of Mr. Sylc was now able to preach to the Chinese 

Recruits . . iTvyroii-> 

congregations m the chapel, and Mr. Spaldmg s 
progress in the language was even more remark- 
able. There were now seventeen communicants 
in Shanghai, and the school was prospering with 
thirty-two boys, to whom Miss Jones devoted her- 
self, living in the school and performing the 
duties of principal, teacher and matron. The 
bishop's health was such that his doctor urged 
him to take a rest, but vainly. No one could well 
be spared from the work. Then, as now, the lacTc 
of workers hindered advance in every direction. 
Everyone was so fully and entirely occupied that 
the withdrawal, even temporarily, of one person 
often necessitated giving up some important part 
of the work. The appeal for building funds had 



The Opening of Permanent Work 19 

met with a liberal response, and enough money 
was in hand for the erection of a church, school- 
house and several dwellings. In 1848, comment- 
ing on this in a letter to the Foreign Committee, 
Mr. Syle goes on to say : " And now what we do 
want? As I said, teachers and preachers. If one 
of our number fails in health, either his or her 
duties must devolve upon others already occupied 
to the extent of their time and powers ; and thus 
our good work has been often given up, and a 
post of most promising usefulness deserted for a 
time; and we with sorrow have to retrace our 
steps. We cannot enlarge our boys' school, be- 
cause we have no teachers. If we desire to begin 
a girls' school, for which people here are now 
prepared, we cannot do it, because we have no 
teachers ; if we desire, in spite of our small num- 
bers, to make a humble beginning with a few lit- 
tle girls (a work Miss Jones's heart has been 
yearning for for the last three years), we cannot 
do it, because there is no one to be principal of the 
boys' school, and Miss Jones cannot retire from 
the superintendence. We wish to use the old 
schoolhouse as a hospital and dispensary for the 
hundreds who would flock to such a place, but we 
have no physician. The Romanists are sending 
Sisters of Charity to Ningpo ; the Baptists, Pres- 
byterians, and Congregationalists all have phy- 
sicians, while we find it impossible to persuade 
our brothers and sisters at home that there is a 



20 American Episcopal Church in China 

call for their services, although we have a bishop 
who deservedly possesses the confidence of the 
Church at home/' 
More In spite of discouragement, 1848 was a year of 
hopeful progress. An excellent site had been 
procured for the church in the very heart of the 
city. Candidates for baptism came forward, 
among them a boy of eighteen, Yen Yung-kyung, 
destined to become a most important member of 
the mission staff; and Wong Kong-chai was a 
candidate for the diaconate. To the great joy of 
the mission, the bishop's health improved, al- 
though he was still unable to preach. 

The year 1849 brought a great loss in the with- 
drawal of the Rev. Mr. Spalding, who had been 
suffering for months with consumption. He was 
very unwilling to leave the work in which he was 
so valuable and so necessary, but he was at last 
obliged to return to America, hoping that he 
might recover sufficiently to again take up the 
work in China. But the ship on which he sailed 
was never heard of afterward ; it is supposed 
she was lost during a terrible typhoon in the 
China Sea. About this time Miss Morse with- 
drew temporarily because of failing health, after 
five years of the most devoted and successful 
service, given without recompense. 

In both these workers the mission lost not only 
faithful and devoted, but also able and successful 
members. '' Mr. Spalding was a man of fervent 



The Opening of Permanent Work 21 

piety, sound judgment, steadfastness of purpose 
and untiring diligence.'' Of Miss Morse Bishop 
Boone wrote : '' I believe I may truly say that, 
with the exception of the lamented Spalding, she 
labored more abundantly than us all." 

The next two years, 1850 and 1851, were im- ^hur^ and 
portant ones in the mission. On the Epiphany, New 

^ iT x- ./ :- Missionaries 

1850, the new church, erected by funds given by 
Mr. William Appleton, of Boston, was conse- 
crated under the name of Christ Church. It was 
placed under the care of Mr. Syle. It must have 
been a great happiness to the missionaries and to 
the Chinese Christians when they met for service 
in their own church. The work of the year pros- 
pered. A number of converts were baptized, 
among them several boys from the school. Miss 
Caroline Tenney joined the mission in August, 
and it became possible to plan for the opening of 
a girls' school. Early in the spring of 185 1 the 
mission had the pleasure of welcoming Miss 
Morse back, her health much improved. With 
Miss Morse came Miss Lydia Fay. No doubt 
Miss Fay was cordially welcomed, but it is not 
likely that any of her fellow-workers dreamed 
what an acquisition the staff had received in her. 
In the same year the Rev. Robert Nelson, the 
Rev. Cleveland Keith and Mr. Nelson's brother- 
in-law, Mr. John Points, were appointed, the lat- 
ter to take charge of the boys' school. Thus set 
free, Miss Jones was able to undertake that work 



22 American Episcopal Church in China 

on which her heart had long been set — the girls' 
school, which was opened the last day of the year 
with eight girls as boarding pupils. She also had 
the care of a girls' day school; and five day 
schools for boys were flourishing in different 
parts of the city and suburbs. 
'^^Deaco^n ■'"^ "^^5^ Woug Koug-chai was ordained dea- 
con, having been thoroughly tested, and having 
entirely proved his sincerity and fitness for the 
office. 

At the end of the year Miss Morse was com- 
pelled to sever finally her connection with the 
mission, her health having entirely failed, and 
she withdrew reluctantly from the work. 
The First Girl In the fall of 1852, yielding to the advice of his 
aptize physicians. Bishop Boone left Shanghai for 
America. Before his departure he appointed the 
Rev. Messrs. Syle, Keith and Nelson a committee 
to take charge of the work of the mission and to 
attend to all such matters as would be settled by 
the bishop if he were present. He reached New 
York in January, 1853, and in February Mr. 
Syle's health compelled him also to make a jour- 
ney to the United States. On the Sunday before 
he left Shanghai he baptized the first convert 
among Miss Jones's girls, the betrothed of Wong 
Kong-chai. 



The Opening of Permanent Work 23 

REFERENCES TO THE SPIRIT OF MISSIONS 

Correspondence with the Archbishop of Canterbury 
about sending a Bishop to China (1844), p. 395. 

Description of Shanghai (1846), pp. 21-85. 

Favorable edicts (1846), p. 211. 

Correspondence with the Prayer Book and Homily 
Society (1847), p. 405. 

English Church in Shanghai (1847), p. 412. 

"Terms question" (1848), p. 275. 

Christ Church (1849), p. 247. 

"Terms question" (1851), pp. 40-106. 

Girls* School (1851), p. 194. 

Re Episcopal Jurisdiction (1851), p. 385. 

Ordination of Deacon Wong (1852), p. 30. 



EARLY GROWTH AND PROGRESS 



( 



Ill 

EARLY GROWTH AND PROGRESS 
1853-1860. 



w 



HEN the mission lost temporarily the euid- The Tai ping 

-.,., -. . .. Rebellion 

ance of its bishop and its senior missionary, 



China was on the verge of that uprising known as 
the Tai-ping Rebellion. For some months the inte- 
rior provinces of Southern China had been over- 
run by a band of men who were opposed to the 
Imperial Government. In 1853 this ^'opposition 
became armed rebellion, spreading quickly over 
the whole empire, and marked by all the horrors 
that signalize every uprising in China. The 
leader. Hung Hsiu-ch'uan, claimed to be the elder 
son of God, and as such the ruler of the world. 
Placards that he put forth announced that there 
was but one country, the Heavenly Kingdom ; but 
one dynasty, that of the Taiping, the Prince of 
Peace, whose prime minister was the Holy Spirit. 
The followers of Taiping called themselves Chris- 
tians and professed to hold direct communication 
with the Heavenly Father. They possessed por- 
tions of the Bible, published tracts setting forth 
their doctrines, destroyed idols, and declared 
themselves to be guided by the Ten Command- 

27 



28 American Episcopal Church in China 

ments. Their doctrines, though full of error, 
were evidently based upon the teachings of the 
Bible. Many missionaries sympathized with a 
movement which seemed to promise the opening 
of the empire to a free extension of the truth. 
Bishop Boone, in sending to the Board of Mis- 
sions some account of the life of the leader, says : 
" Whether he be sincere or not in his story, he is 
evidently doing a great work in China to break up 
the superstitions of ages, and to prepare the soil 
for the seed to be sown here by Christ's servants.'' 
But it is plain from the bishop's letters that he 
never looked upon the Tai-ping movement with 
the enthusiasm of some of the members of other 
missionary bodies, who believed that the victory 
of the insurgents would mean the establishment 
of Christianity in the empire. Too soon the cruel- 
ties and barbarous excesses of Hung and his fol- 
lowers dispelled hope and alienated sympathy. 
Nor were the Taipings the only source of trouble. 
Taking advantage of the times, bands of robbers, 
in no way connected with the insurgents, roamed 
the country, and pirates infested the coasts. The 
peaceable country people, who at such times sel- 
dom side with either party, but ask only to be let 
alone, suffered fearfully, not only from the bar- 
barity of the Taipings and the imperial troops, 
but from the depredations of the lawless bands 
who followed in the wake of the armies, and from 
the famine and pestilence which were the inevita- 



Early Growth and Progress 29 

ble results of such circumstances. The rebels 
took Nanking, threatened Peking with a large 
force, and in September, 1853, captured Shang- 
hai. Directly after the imperial army besieged 
the city, the siege lasting a year and a half. Great 
portions of the city were burned. 

Early in the year a mission church had been a second 

•^ -^ Church 

consecrated in Hongkew, a suburb of Shanghai, consecrated 
and the missionaries had gone to live there, out- 
side the city wall, going into the city to conduct 
services in the church there and to look after the 
day schools. Though in one of the fires which 
raged in the city the houses around the church 
were destroyed, yet the church stood uninjured, 
and during all those troublous times the services 
were held without interruption. No fear of per- 
sonal harm appears in any of the missionaries' 
letters. If they felt it, they did not speak of it. 
They were often in great peril, and they certainly 
suffered from many privations. They saw their 
Chinese friends suffering around them. Yet their 
letters were cheerful and hopeful, and reinforce- 
ments were asked for. In the summer of 1853 
Miss Emma Wray and Miss Jeannette Conover 
were appointed. They arrived in Shanghai in the 
spring of 1854, while the trouble there was still 
at its height. They had been preceded to the field 
by Miss Catherine Jones, who was associated with 
Miss Emma Jones in the girls' school. 

In the spring of 1855 peace was temporarily 



30 American Episcopal Church in China 

restored, and, as always after such a great up- 
heaval, missions received a new impulse and en- 
couragement. During this year the physician so 
long desired joined the mission. Dr. Fish at once 
made arrangements for opening a hospital and 
dispensary. So much success attended his labors 
that the disappointment of his fellow-workers 
must have been great indeed, when, after only 
five months of service, he resigned to accept the 
American vice-consulship at Shanghai. The 
mission also lost temporarily the services of Mr. 
Syle, who accepted an appointment from the 
Domestic Committee to work among the Chinese 
in California. It was with reluctance that the 
Foreign Committee relinquished his services, but 
they recognized the importance of the proposed 
mission and his eminent qualifications for the 
work, 
bosses a^d There were two appointments to Shanghai — 
the Rev. John Liggins and the Rev. Channing M. 
Williams, who reached the field in 1856, and the 
same year, to the great joy of his fellow- workers, 
Mr. Syle returned to China. But these additions 
were counterbalanced by losses. Miss Emma 
Jones's twelve years of incessant labor made a va- 
cation necessary. She hoped to rejoin the mis- 
sion in the course of a year or two, and this desire 
was gratified. She returned to Shanghai in 1858, 
withdrawing finally in 1861. She was one of the 
first women to go to the field, and she was a most 



Early Growth and Progress 31 

faithful and successful worker. She was beloved 
alike by her fellow-workers and by the Chinese. 
'' In any trouble, our first thought is to send for 
Miss Emma Jones/' wrote one of the mission- 
aries, and no woman need wish for a higher com- 
mendation. As a teacher her work made deep 
and lasting impressions on her pupils, and the 
present St. Mary's Hall is the development of her 
girls' school. 

Mr. Points also retired in this year, being un- 
able to bear the climate. His teaching work had 
been very valuable, and his return was considered 
a great loss to the mission. 

Eighteen hundred and fifty-seven was a year New stations 
of grave fears. China was engaged in war with 
England, and though Shanghai was not the scene 
of conflict, there was quite enough in the dis- 
turbed state of the country at large to awaken 
apprehension. Yet a good result of the disturb- 
ances was the enlargement of the mission field. 
In June Mr. Nelson and Mr. Williams visited 
Soochow, preached unopposed in the principal 
temples and distributed books and tracts. Out- 
stations were established at Sinza and Tsang-ka- 
bang, suburbs of Shanghai. The schools, both 
for boys and girls, were flourishing. Mr. Syle 
established an industrial school for the blind, 
which met with much favor among the wealthy 
Chinese. The bishop, in his annual report, laid 
emphasis on the need of means and, above all, of 



32 American Episcopal Church in China 

men, to enlarge the work; for then, as now, the 
staff was always too small to meet the opportuni- 
ties which opened before it. 

In 1858 Mr. Williams and Mr. Liggins visited 
Zang-zok, a large city some ninety miles from 
Shanghai. They had been less than two years in 
China, but were already able to preach in the 
Chinese tongue. They were not very cordially 
welcomed in Zang-zok, but after considerable dif- 
ficulty they succeeded in obtaining quarters in a 
suburban house, where they soon gathered good 
congregations. They also ventured on street 
preaching in the city and the surrounding vil- 
lages, and distributed books and tracts. 

In June of this year treaties of peace were 
signed between China and England, France, Rus- 
sia and America. " Their terms secured the com- 
plete toleration of Christianity everywhere 
throughout the empire; liberty for foreigners to 
go anywhere with passports ; the right of foreign 
ambassadors to have direct access to the govern- 
ment at Peking; and the opening of additional 
treaty ports.'' In regard to these treaties, the 
English Bishop of Victoria wrote to the Arch- 
bishop of Canterbury: ''It is right that the 
friends of Christian missions on both sides of the 
Atlantic should know how preeminently they are 
indebted for the Christian element in the word- 
ing of the treaties, to the hearty zeal, energy and 



Early Growth and Progress 33 

co-operation of the United States minister, the 
Hon. W. B. Reed." 

In 18 SQ the Foreign Committee had decided to The Mission 

'J^ ^ ^ ^ ^ Furnishes 

begin work in Japan, and, selecting Nagasaki as Pioneers for 

the station, appointed the Rev. C. M. Williams 

and the Rev. John Liggins to open the work. 

At this time Mr. Liggins and Wong Kong-chai 

were mobbed in Zang-zok. Mr. Liggins had for 

some time been in bad health, and the effect of 

the rough treatment he had received from the 

hands of the mob was such that he went to 

Shanghai, where his physician advised a trip to 

Nagasaki. He was already in that city when the 

letter appointing him to Japan reached Shanghai. 

Later Mr. Williams joined him. They were the 

first Protestant missionaries to Japan. Zang-zok 

station was abandoned for the time. 

Special efforts were now made by the Foreign 
Committee to increase the staff of the China 
mission, and Bishop Boone exerted himself to 
obtain funds for the support and extension of the 
work. Many applications were received, and late 
in 1859 eight young men arrived in China, one of 
them being the present senior member of the mis- 
sion, the Rev. Elliott H. Thomson, and a second 
the late Bishop Schereschewsky, who did so much 
by his work in the translation of the Scriptures, 
and who, when his ill-health compelled him to re- 
sign as bishop, wished it to be distinctly under- 
stood that he did not resign as a missionary. 



34 American Episcopal Church in China 

War and Riot j^ August of 1859 the EngHsh and French 
allied forces were repulsed at the mouth of the 
Peiho by the Chinese. In turbulent Canton the 
ever-present hatred of the foreigner became very 
manifest, and the spirit of unrest spread all over 
the empire. There was a serious riot in Shang- 
hai. The local excuse was a rumor that for- 
eigners were kidnapping Chinese coolies and put- 
ting them on board a French ship lying at Woo- 
sung, the port of Shanghai. Some Malay sailors 
who were wandering about the native city were 
attacked and two of them killed. In the English 
settlement outside the wall, the Inspector of Cus- 
toms and British chaplain were set upon by a 
mob. Stray foreigners here and there were 
beaten, and a general attack on the settlement 
was feared. Men were landed from the ships of 
war in the harbor and every precaution taken. A 
mob attacked the churches inside the city wall, 
and Christ Church was badly damaged. Threat- 
ening placards were put up, and the Chinese 
Christians were insulted and reviled by their 
neighbors. The foreign authorities preserved a 
firm attitude, and brought pressure to bear upon 
the Taotai at Shanghai which caused that official 
to exert himself. By September all was quiet 
again. 
Summary ^]^q missiou had uow been established in 
Shanghai for about fifteen years. During that; 
time there had been thirty-six workers on the 



Early Growth and Progress 35 

field, of whom, at the close of 1859, twenty-two 
remained. 

REFERENCES TO THE SPIRIT OF MISSIONS 

Taipings (1853), PP. 315-333, 357-369- 

Episcopal Jurisdiction (1853), p. 469. 

Siege of Shanghai (1854), pp. 22-92-132. 

Taipings (1854), PP- 181-382-396. 

The Insurgent Leader (1855), pp. 27-60. 

The Results of the Insurrection (1855), p. 453. 

Miss Emma Jones (1856), p. 375. 

Soochow (1857), p. 583. 

Sinza (1857), p. 617. 

Zang-zok (1858), p. 587. 

Treaties relating to Christianity (1859), p. 46. 

Hon. W. B. Reed on Missions (1859), p. 339. 

Zang-zok (1859), p. 457. 

Arrangement with the English Church (i860), p. 383. 



THE PERIOD OF DEPRESSION 



IV 

THE PERIOD OF DEPRESSION 
1860-1865 

WITH the year i860 began a period of depres- ^*^*^ '^^^ 
sion and discouragement in the China mis- 
sion. The missionaries were living literally in the 
midst of wars and rumors of wars. The hostile 
attitude which England and France maintained 
toward China threatened serious consequences. 
Rebellion had been renewed in the north, and, 
with all its attendant horrors, was rapidly spread- 
ing over the empire. In May the insurgents at- 
tacked Soochow, burned its suburbs and advanced 
toward Shanghai, laying waste the country on 
their way. Before them fled the country people 
to take refuge in Shanghai, and from Shanghai 
fled the merchants to hide themselves in the coun- 
try beyond. Again the missionaries saw their 
compound crowded with destitute and terror- 
stricken refugees. Again Shanghai was attacked 
by the rebels who, as before, professed a form of 
Christianity, but practised most barbarous ex- 
cesses. Again bands of robbers roamed the coun- 
try side, and famine and disease completed the 
desolation. The rebels were at length driven 

39 



40 American Episcopal Church in China 

back toward the north by the allies, and in the 
fall a temporary peace was patched up. 

But their immediate surroundings were not the 
missionaries' only reason for sorrow and appre- 
hension. The United States was on the verge of 
the Civil War. The mission was composed of 
representatives of both sections of the country. 
The horrors which they saw around them must 
have seemed more awful as they thought of their 
own country rent asunder, in danger of similar 
devastation and suffering. 

Yet, in spite of the turmoil around them and 
their anxiety, they kept steadily at their work — 
the new-comers busy with the language, the 
school work and church services going on with- 
out interruption. Among their converts many 
were destitute and suffering, for whom the mis- 
sionaries must care, and so far as lay in their 
power no one who came to ask their aid was de- 
nied. Mr. Syle was busy with his blind asylum, 
which was flourishing, and he had established a 
printing office and opened a shop for the sale of 
Christian books. 
AYear_of The political situation in the United States 
could not but affect the mission. Bishop Boone, 
in his report for 1860-1861, calls it "a year of 
trial from beginning to close.'' The mission was 
$15,000 in debt, because it had received no re- 
mittance from home for months ; and at the break- 
ing out of the war the Foreign Committee re- 



Trial 



The Period of Depression 41 

quested that every possible retrenchment should 
be made. The boys' school was disbanded and 
the premises were sold. This led to the retire- 
ment of three members of the mission, who had 
been connected with the school. Another re- 
signed by the bishop's advice, owing to his in- 
ability to endure the climate. Miss Emma Jones, 
because of her constantly poor health, was com- 
pelled to retire permanently, and Mr. Syle was 
obliged to return to America on account of his 
motherless children, who needed his care. When 
the boys' school was disbanded. Miss Fay, at the 
earnest request of the English Church Missionary 
Society, was temporarily transferred to their 
schools. Miss Conover was ordered home by the 
doctor. Thus the mission staff was in a short 
time reduced from twenty-one to eleven, Mr. 
Nelson being retained in the United States, where 
he supported himself by parish work. The 
Chinese staff consisted of the two deacons, Wong 
Kong-chai and Tong Tsu-kyung, but early in 
1861 the latter was deposed at his own request. 
'' His object," wrote the bishop, '' appears to be 
more gain." After this man's death his family 
dropped back into a state not much above heath- 
enism. Many years afterward the wife of Arch- 
deacon Thomson was invited to go with a mis- 
sionary doctor to visit a sick Chinese woman. 
This woman proved to be the widow of the de- 
posed deacon. Through Mrs. Thomson's influ- 



4^ American Episcopal Church in China 

ence, she later made a public confession in the 
Church of Our Saviour, Hongkew, and has ever 
since been a faithful member of that congre- 
gation. 
A station Not The Shanghai mission began the year 1861- 
Port 1862 reduced in numbers and burdened with 
debts. In spite of the disturbed state of the coun- 
try, the long-desired and planned-for interior sta- 
tion was opened in Chef 00 in April, 1861. Che- 
foo is a seaport in the northern province of Shan- 
tung, and it was hoped to make it a centre from 
which to extend the work in the north. Rev. H. 
M. and Mrs. Parker and Rev. D. D. and Mrs. 
Smith were sent to open the station. They found 
Mr. and Mrs. Holmes, of the Southern Baptist 
mission, already at work there, Mrs. Holmes hav- 
ing been the first foreign woman to enter Chefoo. 
The foreigners were not very cordially welcomed. 
The people showed themselves unfriendly, and 
there was great difficulty in getting a house. Still, 
a beginning was made, and the missionaries spent 
the summer in trying to learn the language, so 
entirely different from the dialect of Shanghai, 
and in trying to establish friendly relations with 
their Chinese neighbors, whose insatiable curi- 
osity sometimes brought them to the mission 
house to see and handle the belongings of the 
foreigners and to ask innumerable questions. 

It was far from easy to open an interior station. 
Some of the difficulties were the inconvenient and 



The Period of Depression 43 

uncomfortable Chinese house, surrounded by 
other houses full of neighbors whose only interest 
was curiosity, whose kindest feeling was cold in- 
difference ; the hot summer, with nothing to miti- 
gate its discomforts ; the undrinkable water ; the 
disgusting filth and sickening odors of a Chinese 
city ; the constant rumors of approaching bands of 
rebels ; and, by no means least, the struggle with 
a language so totally different from that of 
Shanghai as to be practically a new tongue. Yet 
the letters written from Chefoo were cheerful and 
hopeful, and did not dwell on the discomforts of 
the situation. Meanwhile Shanghai was once 
more surrounded by rebels. The bishop writes : 
" They have robbed and plundered the inhabitants 
up to our very doors." Smallpox was raging 
among the Chinese. The expense of living greatly 
increased. No help could be looked for from 
America, in that first summer of the Civil War. 
The work was hindered by the condition of the 
country. Only six of the staff remained in 
Shanghai, keeping up such of the various forms 
of work as they could. They were in more or 
less personal danger, and they suffered greatly 
from privation ; there was very little outward en- 
couragement, and very much to make them 
anxious. One is constantly impressed, in reading 
their letters, by the spirit of cheerful faith mani- 
fested. 

In October came horrible news from Chefoo. 



44 American Episcopal Church in China 

Martyrdom A band of rcbcls had threatened the city. The 
ladies were removed to a village where it was 
thought they would be safe, and Mr. Smith re- 
mained with them, while Mr. Parker, accom- 
panied by Mr. Holmes, the Baptist missionary, 
set out to meet the rebels and try to persuade 
them to spare Chefoo. As the insurgents pro- 
fessed the greatest friendship for missionaries, 
there appeared to be little, if any, danger in this 
course, and the two young men set out hopefully 
on their errand. But on reaching the rebel band 
they appear to have been dragged before the 
* leader and instantly hacked to pieces. Mrs. 
Parker, prostrated by this awful blow, returned 
to America. Mr. and Mrs. Smith remained in a 
village near Chefoo, refusing to abandon the new 
work. There the next summer Mrs. Smith died 
of cholera, after an illness of only a few hours. 
Her death deprived the mission of one of its most 
devoted and useful members. Mr. Smith worked 
on alone for another year, but in 1863 he retired 
that he might devote himself to the care of his 
motherless children. The work in Chefoo was 
never reopened, though the place was visited in 
later years with that intention. Other cities, so 
situated as to make them more desirable as cen- 
tres of work, received the preference. 
Heroism Early in 1862 Mrs. Keith's health caused her 
doctors to advise a change and rest, and, with 
her husband, she left Shanghai for Japan. Two 



The Period of Depression 45 

such efficient workers could ill be spared, and it 
was hoped that a few months in Japan would 
restore Mrs. Keith's health and enable her to re- 
turn, but after a few months, as she was growing 
steadily worse, it was thought best that she should 
go to America, and passage was accordingly 
taken. On the voyage Mrs. Keith was unable to 
leave her cabin, and shortly after reaching San 
Francisco she died. Mr. Keith took passage for 
Panama on the steamer Golden Gate, Ten day^ 
out from San Francisco the steamer was burned, 
and Mr. Keith was among those that perished. 
According to the accounts of survivors, he was 
calm and composed in the midst of the peril and 
excitement. He was a man of a singularly gentle 
and unselfish nature ; his whole life had been one 
of self-forgetful service. His last acts were to 
fasten his own life preserver about one of the 
ladies, and to tie her child upon the back of a 
sailor who thought he might be able to swim to 
safety, meanwhile calming the terrified mother by 
words of hope and trust. He had preached that 
morning — it being Sunday — a sermon full of 
thoughts of the goodness of God, and he spoke 
in the same strain to those who stood around 
him on the deck of the doomed ship. 

The loss of the Keiths was a very great blow 
to the mission. Mrs. Keith, as Miss Tenney, had 
been a very successful teacher, and her marriage 
in no way lessened her interest or her usefulness. 



46 American Episcopal Church in China 

She had rendered especially valuable service as a 
translator. Mr. Keith had shown a remarkable 
aptitude for the language. He was on the Trans- 
lation Committee, and had himself translated va- 
rious portions of both the Old and New Testa- 
ments into the Shanghai dialect. He had also 
compiled a dictionary of the same dialect, the 
manuscript of which was lost with him. Before 
leaving Shanghai he had made a will bequeath- 
ing most of his property to the China mission. 

In July, 1862, the bishop requested Mr. Scher- 
eschewsky to make arrangements to spend three 
or four years in Peking, that he might perfect 
himself in the Mandarin tongue, in which he had 
already made remarkable progress. It was also 
hoped that he might be able to establish mission 
work in the capital, but his chief efforts were to 
be on the language. 
Civil War Shanghai was still tormented by bands of in- 

in the United ^ -^ 

States surgents and robbers, and when these were dis- 

Cripples the ^ 

Mission persed a train of diseases followed. The Chinese, 
in their destitute and starving condition, died in 
great numbers. So the gloomy year passed, and 
Bishop Boone, in his report for 1862-1863, wrote: 
" In July, 1859, I reported twelve clergymen, 
four candidates for Orders, and twelve female 
missionaries. Our staff is now reduced to a 
bishop, two presbyters, one deacon, one native 
candidate, and two female missionaries.'' Before 
the report was sent the Chinese candidate for 



The Period of Depression 47 

Orders died of cholera. Mr. Smith retired from 
the mission, and the work in Shantung was 
broken up. Miss Fay, though counted one of the 
staff, was working in the EngHsh Church Mis- 
sionary Society school. Besides Bishop and Mrs. 
Boone, only Mr. Thomson, Mr. Wong and Miss 
Catherine Jones were working in Shanghai, and 
little as the active work was, it was feared that 
more property must be sold in order to keep up 
that work. The state of affairs in America had 
practically ended all help from the Church at 
home. 

In November Bishop Boone advanced Mr. ordination 

^ to the 

Wong to the priesthood, and put him in charge Priesthood 
of Christ Church. Mr. Wong had been a deacon 
for thirteen years, and during the dark days since 
i860 he had proved himself more than ever faith- 
ful and valuable. The little mission family re- 
joiced over his advancement. Two weeks later it 
was cast into gloom and mourning by the death 
of Miss Catherine Jones. Her disease was small- 
pox, . which she contracted while nursing some 
of her schoolgirls. At this time she was the only 
woman worker at the station, Mrs. Boone's 
health having compelled her departure. In the 
ten years of Miss Jones's connection with the mis- 
sion she had never spent even one night away 
from her work. She literally gave her life to her 
girls, and died for them because she would not 



48 American Episcopal Church in China 

desert them in their sickness. After her death the 
school had to be closed. 

The Lowest Now, onc might indeed have felt that the mis- 
sion was at its lowest ebb. The educational work, 
which had been so promising, was practically 
broken up. Mr. Thomson and Mr. Wong alone 
remained upon the field. Mr. Schereschewsky at 
Peking was doing wonderful vv^ork in the lan- 
guage, and was translating the Bible and Prayer 
Book into Mandarin. He preached as he had 
opportunity, and taught any who came to enquire 
into " the doctrine,'' but his main efforts were di- 
rected toward the language work which he had 
been sent to Peking to do. 

In Shanghai Mr. Thomson and Mr. Wong kept 
up the services in the churches and visited the 
few day schools which were all that remained of 
their once flourishing educational system. They 
must often have been deeply discouraged, but a 
worse blow by far than any previous one was 
about to fall upon them. 
Death of In the early fall of 1863 Mrs. Boone had made 

Mrs. Boone a visit to Japan, in the hope of benefiting her 
greatly impaired health. As this trip did not 
have the desired effect, her doctors advised a sea 
voyage. Accordingly, she sailed with the bishop 
for Singapore, and, this producing no favorable 
result, it was decided to go on to Egypt. They 
reached Suez on the i6th of January, 1864, and 
four days later Mrs. Boone died. She was buried 



The Period of Depression 49 

in the foreign cemetery at Suez, borne to her 
grave, in accordance with her own wish, by four 
Chinese, to whose nation she had devoted nine- 
teen years of service. Mrs. Boone was a woman 
of great abiHty and strength of character, and she 
was beloved and mourned by all her associates in 
the mission. 

The bishop w^ould have returned immediately 
to Shanghai but for the necessity of making some 
proper arrangements for his youngest son, who 
was with him. '' In time of trouble," a member 
of the mission had once written, " our first 
thought is to send for Miss Emma Jones.'' Miss 
Jones was at Wiesbaden, and to her the bishop 
took his son, and, leaving him in her care, set out 
for Shanghai. His voyage was rough and dan- 
gerous. In the Indian Ocean the ship encountered 
a terrific typhoon and narrowly escaped founder- 
ing. In the feeble state of the bishop's health, 
his suffering was very great, and when he reached 
Shanghai, June 13th, he was dangerously ill. He 
grew rapidly worse, and died July 17th, 1864. 

The feeling of the mission is expressed in the 
words used by Mr. Thomson in his letter to the 
Board : '' We are bereft." Nor were the mission 
staff and the Chinese Christians his only mourn- 
ers. Bishop Boone was a man of great influence 
in Shanghai, not only among missionaries, but 
among the foreign residents generally. His 
broadness of mind enabled him to work in the ut- 



50 American Episcopal Church in China 

most harmony with other missionaries, while al- 
ways preserving his own position as a Church- 
man. To members of his staff he was truly an 
ideal leader and the kindest of friends. By the 
Chinese he was loved and deeply respected. In 
losing such a bishop the Board at home and the 
workers on the field alike must have felt that the 
work was indeed " bereft." 
« Ai?^y°^ For two years Mr. Thomson continued in 

Small Things '' 

charge of the work, assisted by Mr. Wong. Mrs. 
Thomson (Miss Conover) conducted a day school 
for girls, and with her energetic, practical hard 
work accomplished a great deal among the 
Chinese women. Mr. Schereschewsky remained 
in Peking, engaged in translation work. His 
remarkable facility in the language and the qual- 
ity of the work he was doing won the praise of 
men who were veterans in China. 

REFERENCES TO THE SPIRIT OF MISSIONS 

Boy's School Disbanded (1861), p. 222. 

Murder of Mr. Parker (1862), p. 49. 

Mr. and Mrs. Keith (1862), pp. 265-282. 

Death of Bishop Boone (1864), PP- 290-312-314-386. 



EXTENSION OF THE WORK 



EXTENSION OF THE WORK 
1865-1876 

IN October, 1865, the Rev. Channing Moore f^" china'^a^nd 
Williams was elected missionary bishop for J^p^" 
China and Japan. About this time the outlook in 
China began to be a little more encouraging. The 
American war was over. China was at peace 
once more. The first result of the long-continued 
trouble in the empire was, as usual, a great mani- 
festation of interest in western customs and edu- 
cation. Boys came flocking to the mission 
schools; the guest rooms and churches were 
crowded with men enquiring into '' the doctrine '' ; 
the evangelistic work in the out-station began to 
flourish. Miss Fay returned from her temporary 
work in the English Church Mission and re- 
opened the boys' school. The few members of 
the mission staff availed themselves of every new 
opportunity. Mr. Thomson went itinerating 
through the country round about Shanghai, ac- 
companied by a young man named Woo Hoong- 
nyok, who had charge of the day schools. On 
this journey, though he had forgotten his pass- 
port, Mr. Thomson reported that he met with no 

53 ' 



54 American Episcopal Church in China 

hindrance, but was always well received. He had 
also begun services in the Cantonese dialect for 
the benefit of the many Cantonese who were in 
business in Shanghai. In this he was assisted 
by Mr. Fryer, a young foreigner, who spoke 
Cantonese well. 

It was hoped that the number of workers 
might now be increased, and in 1866 those already 
on the field welcomed the Rev. Augustus Hohing 
and Mrs. Hohing, the first new members since 
1859. They were sent to join Mr. Schereschew- 
sky in Peking. There Mrs. Hohing died the next 
year, but Mr. Hohing remained in the mission, an 
efficient worker, until 1876. 

In 1867 Mr. Thomson wrote to the Foreign 
Committee : '' Our new bishop has a glorious field 
before him. China is open now in a fuller man- 
ner than it has ever been. There is no place 
where we cannot go, unless it be a few remote 
points where the remains of the rebellion still 
linger. China may be said to be a field ready for 
workers — I do not say ' reapers.' There must 
first be the ploughing up of the hard fallow 
ground ; hard work, tiresome work, work to try 
men's patience ; then will come the harvest.'' 

There seems to have been some feeling in the 
home Church that the China mission was still in 
evil case, for later Mr. Thomson wrote : '' I do 
not like the phrase I have seen in the papers about 
the China mission being ' disintegrated.' What 



Extension of the Work 55 

does it mean? We have more stations than even 
when Bishop Boone was alive ; we have as many 
or more scholars ; we have more members who 
attend church; we have more native preachers 
and other helpers ; we have two schools supported 
entirely by the Chinese. I believe we have a 
stronger church to-day than we have ever had. 
It is the fruit of the labors of Bishop Boone, Miss 
Emma Jones, Miss Fay, and others." . 

Among those ''others'' Mr. Thomson himself a veteran 
may be counted chief, since his whole life from 
his youth has been spent in devoted and most 
efficient service, and as the senior mxmber of the 
Shanghai staff he still bears the burden and heat 
of the day. Many of the most important branches 
of the work were begun by him ; little of the work 
but owes much to his assistance ; none of his 
fellow-workers but have received his encourage- 
ment and help. 

Early in 1867 the mission gladly welcomed 
back to the field Mr. and Mrs. Nelson, and in 
the fall of the same year the teaching staff was 
joined by Miss Susan Waring. And on January 
14th Bishop Williams arrived in Shanghai. Once 
more the mission had a leader, and the time 
seemed very propitious. The Emperor of China ^ 
had issued an edict forbidding the rebuilding of 
temples that had been destroyed and the repair of 
such as had fallen into decay, making an excep- 
tion, however, in the case of the Confucian tern- 



56 American Episcopal Church in China 

pies. The Chancellor of Soochow, the capital of 
Kiangsu Province, put out a proclamation for- 
bidding the people to worship in the temples, or 
to burn candles, incense, or paper money before 
the idols. A proclamation issued by the chief 
mandarin of Kahsing, a large city in Chekiang 
Province, forbade anyone to interfere with or in 
any way hinder the teaching of Christianity. All 
this was, of course, most encouraging to the mis- 
sionaries, and Bishop WilHams considered that 
the time had come to attempt an extension of the 
work. 
T^.^*il?*"f Accordingly, almost as soon as he reached 

Becomes a o ./ ? 

New centre^of Shanghai, he set ofif, in company with Mr. Nel- 
son, on a tour of inspection in search of the best 
place for an interior station. They went up the 
Yang-tsz River, visiting Kiukiang, a large city in 
Kiangsi Province, some four hundred miles from 
Shanghai ; and then going on to Wuchang and 
Hankow, cities of Hupeh Province, facing each 
other across the Yang-tsz, about six hundred 
miles from Shanghai. Returning from this trip, 
he started again, this time to inspect the northern 
provinces of Shantung and Chihli, visiting Pek- 
ing, Tientsin, Tungchow, and the abandoned sta- 
tion of Chefoo. In May, with Mr. Wong, he 
went on a third tour, this time visiting, near 
Shanghai, the cities of Ta-tsong, Soochow, and 
his own former station at Zang-zok. As a result 
of these visits it was decided to locate the new 



Extension of the Work * 57 

centre of work at Wuchang. '' This place/' wrote 
Bishop WilHams, '' is in the very heart of the 
empire, the capital of Hupeh Province, a great 
literary centre, with Hankow and Hanyang on 
the opposite bank of the river, forms almost one 
city, and is the most important commercial centre 
in China. Mr. Hohing, Mr. Yen (lately ordained 
deacon), and I are now living in Wuchang, but 
we need more missionaries to do with any degree 
of efficiency the work before us." 

It was the bishop's intention to make Wuchang 
a central station, to establish schools v/here young 
men could be trained as preachers, catechists and 
teachers, and to open out-stations in the country 
round about. 

Under the circumstances, Bishop Williams's an- H*osp°i|i^"^ * 
nual report was naturally in every way encour- 
aging. During eighteen months thirty-two Chi- 
nese had been confirmed, among them children of 
some of the converts of the mission. In the day 
schools great interest was shown, and several of 
the boys had come forward for baptism. Under 
Miss Fay's supervision the boys' boarding school 
was making great progress. A hospital, opened 
in a small way the year before by Mr. Thomson, 
with Mr. Woo's assistance, was a very hopeful 
feature of the work, more than 15,000 persons 
having received treatment during the year. All 
the patients were daily instructed in the Christian 
doctrine, and men were reached in this way who 



58 American Episcopal Church in China 

could not be reached in any other. Two English 
doctors kindly gave gratuitous assistance, and 
Mr. Woo was proving himself a valuable helper, 
both in the medical and in the religious part of 
the work. The bishop asked for a doctor to come 
out to take charge. All the out-stations were 
promising, and a new one had been opened at 
Kiangwan, a large country town about four miles 
from Shanghai. 
opp°^^*^°"^" But the s^reat interest centred about the new 

vVucnang '-' 

interior station of Wuchang, which was consid- 
ered to be of the first importance. The usual dif- 
ficulties had attended its opening. The only 
house that could be obtained was neither com- 
fortable nor desirable. After the missionaries 
were fairly settled in it, the literati brought pres- 
sure to bear upon the landlord and he requested 
his tenants to leave. As they refused to do this, 
he represented that the house needed repairing, 
removed all the tiles from the roof, and left the 
missionaries to endure this state of things or to 
leave the house, as they chose. Not long after 
the station was opened Mr. Hohing and Mr. Yen 
were set upon by a band of students, of whom 
hundreds were assembled from the different parts 
of the province to take examinations. The mis- 
sionaries took refuge in the house of a Chinese 
gentleman, and the mob finally dispersed. This 
attack was not considered to be any indication of 
the general feeling of the Wuchang people, and 




TH:e: RKV. YUNG KIUNG YKN, MRS. Y^N, AND MISS Y^N 



Extension of the Work 59 

in spite of all hindrances the outlook was felt to 
be hopeful and encouraging. 

Early in the year of 1869 the first convert, Mr. Ha^nVow^'" 
Hohing's teacher, was baptized. In the spring 
work was begun in Hankow by opening a chapel 
on one of the principal streets. In Peking Mr. 
Schereschewsky was going on with his work, 
translating the Bible into the Mandarin language, 
and he had purchased a heathen temple and 
turned it into a church. Mrs. Schereschewsky 
(Miss Waring) was carrying on a very success- 
ful day school. The chief officials of Kiangsu 
and Kiangsi provinces had issued a proclamation 
warning the people to respect the Emperor's edicts 
favoring Christianity, and reminding them that 
they '' must not annoy religious establishments, 
nor raise pretexts ; nor must they treat foreigners 
with wanton disrespect." 

Bishop Williams reported that he had decided 
to make his permanent residence in Osaka, Japan, 
from which place he would visit China from time 
to time. 

During 1870 there were two appointments to ^^^Jf^^^ 
the mission — the Rev. S. R. J. Hovt and the Rev. guild a 

•^ ^ , Church 

William Jones Boone, a son of the late Bishop 
Boone. They were stationed at Hankow and 
Wuchang. In the fall, during Bishop WilHams' 
visit to Hankow, he advanced Mr. Boone and 
Mr. Yen to the priesthood. This increased the 
up-river staflf to four clergymen. On Christmas 



6o American Episcopal Church in China 

Day services were held for the first time in the 
Chapel of the Nativity, a small church on the 
mission compound in Wuchang, built entirely 
from contributions received in Wuchang and 
from some of the Chinese Christians in Shanghai. 
Beginningl^f ^^ September of the next year the Bishop 
Boone College Boonc Memorial School, a boarding school for 
boys, was opened on the Wuchang compound. It 
began with three pupils, but the number steadily 
increased, and on Christmas Day eleven of the 
boys were baptized, to the great joy of the mis- 
sionaries. It was intended to open a school for 
girls, to be called the Jane Bohlen Memorial 
School, as soon as a proper building site could 
be obtained. 
Progress and In 1 8/2 about thirty Chinese boys, averaging 
twelve years of age, were sent by the imperial 
government to be educated in the United States. 
They were to be placed with families in Massa- 
chusetts and Connecticut, and were to be fol- 
lowed later by one hundred more. Three of these 
I boys had been pupils in the Shanghai mission, 
and had been baptized. The government had 
ordered that the boys be instructed in Confu- 
cianism, but they were to be permitted to attend 
church with the families in which they lived, and 
two of the officials in charge were Christians. 
This imperial commission, while it had no direct 
connection with missionary work, was encourag- 
ing, as seeming to show a desire for progress. 



Extension of the Work 6i 

and it was considered very promising for the 
future. Perhaps one of the most disheartening 
conditions of the work in China has been these 
gleams of apparent hope and promise, an open- 
ing for an instant of the heavy gates closed 
against progress and enlightenment, to be fol- 
lowed invariably by a firmer closing than ever be- 
fore. Favorable edicts have a double meaning, 
friendly acts on the part of the government have 
ulterior motives, and China, standing on the very 
threshold of progress, ready for a step, takes that 
step backward. To be, in spite of all this, ever 
hopeful, ever ready to seize quickly the next fleet- 
ing opportunity, is a necessity ; and this was 
Bishop Williams's character, as his annual report 
proved. 

In his report for 1872-1873 he names in the Ph^^sk*^*^^' 
Shansfhai district three boarding* schools and Finishes 

^ ^ Iranslating 

fourteen day schools, six of the latter being: en- y^« ^^^ , 

•^ ' ^ Testament 

tirely supported by the Chinese. Mrs. Thomson l^^° ^ . 

•^ ^^ -^ Mandarin 

had charge of the Bridgman Memorial School 
for Girls, founded by Mrs. Bridgman, who, as 
Miss Gillett, was the first single woman worker 
ever appointed to China. She married Dr. Bridg- 
man, of the American Board Mission in Canton, 
but after her husband's death she came to Shang- 
hai and worked in connection with her old friends, 
though never reappointed. At her death her 
school of twenty-seven girls was taken over by 
the mission. Mr. Thomson's hospital was flour- 



62 American Episcopal Church in China 

ishing. During the year over 20,000 patients had 
been treated, and the bishop urged the speedy 
appointment of a doctor to take charge of this 
important and increasing work. In Peking Dr. 
Schereschewsky, after fourteen years of labor, 
had translated the entire Old Testament into 
Mandarin, and he had also opened a station in a 
town south of Peking, where he had already bap- 
tized forty-three converts. 

The great need, as always, was more workers, 
and the bishop made strong appeals. He was 
particularly anxious to open work in Soochow. 
'' This," he writes, " is an opportunity which we 
ought by all means to embrace. The city con- 
tains over a million of people, and there are four 
other walled cities within a radius of twenty 
miles, and in all that section of the country there 
is not a single clergyman of the Church, nor in- 
deed a minister of any denomination." 
The First j^ December, 1874, a physician who had been 

Physician in ' * ^^ r ^ 

Wuchang appointed, but to Wuchang, not to Shanghai, 
reached the field. At that time there was no for- 
eign physician in Wuchang, and Dr. Bunn was 
accosted by would-be patients as soon as he 
landed, before he had even reached the mission 
compound. His services were eagerly sought by 
the Chinese from far and near. He began at 
once to hold clinic three times a week in the 
chapel on Fu Street, only recently erected. There, 
on '' preaching days," after the service, with one 



Extension of the Work 63 

of the clergymen to interpret for him, Dr. Bunn 
had more patients than he could well care for. 
An enthusiastic Chinese friend put up before the 
door of the chapel a notice, which, literally trans- 
lated, read : '' At this hall the great American 
Episcopal Church feels pulses and gives medi- 
cines." 

In spite of the enthusiasm, the work had its 
trials and difficulties. Dr. Bunn's first in-patient 
was a man with a fearful ulcer of the leg, which 
had eaten so near the arteries that the man was 
in danger of bleeding to death. He was brought 
by his family to the chapel on Fu Street, and 
there he was lodged in a mat shed, hastily erected 
behind the chapel. For some months Dr. Bunn 
was likely to be sent for at any moment, night or 
day, to prevent the man from bleeding to death ; 
and, as there were other patients who needed 
constant attention, such as could not possibly be 
given them in their homes, it became evident that 
some accommodation for in-patients must be pro- 
vided. A small building for temporary use was 
erected on the compound, and so began the med- 
ical work in Wuchang. 

Occasionally the stories circulated in regard to 
the foreign doctors' reprehensible habit of kid- 
napping the children and taking out their eyes to 
use as medicines led to visits from mothers whose 
children had disappeared from the vicinity of 
their homes. On such occasions the bereaved 



64 American Episcopal Church in China 

parents were allowed to inspect the dispensary 
freely, even opening all the bottles in hope of 
discovering either the children or their eyes. But 
whenever this happened the child would be found 
at play somewhere later, and there was never any 
serious trouble. Women of the lower classes 
came willingly to consult '^ the great American 
Episcopal Church,'' and Dr. Bunn was sometimes 
called to the homes of ladies of a higher class, 
who, concealed behind screens, timidly held out a 
hand, that the doctor might feel the pulse without 
violating propriety by seeing the owner of the 
trembling hand. 

The Wuchang compound now contained the 
Boone School, the Chapel of the Nativity, and a 
residence called the clergy-house. Near by a 
piece of land had been bought, on which it was 
proposed to build the girls' school, a church and 
a hospital, and a residence for Dr. Bunn. Across 
the river, in Hankow, St. Paul's Chapel had been 
built. 
The Work of In Shang^hai the fall of 187s was marked by 

Chinese , ^ . ,..,., .,, ^ 

De^cons^and much succcss m cvangelistic work m the villages. 
In San-ting-keu, a village about ten miles from 
Shanghai, thirty-three persons were baptized in 
one day. They had all become interested under 
the teaching of Chinese deacons and catechists. 
Mr. Boone, who was present, was greatly im- 
pressed, and wrote : '' I am more and more con- 
vinced that our chief effort should be to gather 



Catechists 



Extension of the Work 65 

and train such a native ministry. They work 
to great advantage among a people whose every 
peculiarity of thought and prejudice they under- 
stand, and to a great extent share/' 

In 1876 the first railroad in China was built a Railroad 

' Built and 

between Shanghai and the port of Woosung. It Destroyed 
was built by foreign enterprise, and the mission- 
aries considered it '' a great convenience/' They 
could visit the stations of Kiangwan and San- 
ting-keu so easily, and it would help to open other 
places. It was a long step in the cause of prog- 
ress — too long for conservative China. A mob of 
country people, instigated by officials and literati, 
soon tore up the track and destroyed the trains. 

REFERENCES TO THE SPIRIT OF MISSIONS 

Bishop Boone (1865), p. 9. 

Soochow (1865), p. 71. 

Character of Bishop Boone (1866), p. 381. 

Favorable Edicts (1866), p. 380. 

Hankow-Wuchang (1868), p. 697. 

The Wuchang Riot (1869), p. 44. 

Difficulties (1869), p. 353. 

Mr. Woo (1871), p. 532. 

Land on Fu Street, Wuchang (1873), p. 256. 

Peking (1873), p. 467. 

Placards in Hankow (1874), p. 42. 

Everyday Life in China (1874), P- 189. 

The Ningpo Riot (1874), P- 49^. 

Girl's School, Wuchang (1875), P- 40- 

Kiangwan (1875), p. 40. 

Letter from Dr. Bunn (1875), p. 173. 



66 American Episcopal Church in China 

Baptism at San-ting-keu (1876), p. 95. 
Dr. Bunn's work (1876), p. 419. 
Railroad in China (1876), p. 507. 



THE WORK UNDER BISHOP 
SCHERESCHEWSKY 




M 

a 

xn W 

^^ 

w 2 



w 






o 

s 

a 

O 

w 



VI 

THE WORK UNDER BISHOP 
SCHERESCHEWSKY 

1876-1883 

IN 1874, at the request of Bishop WilHams, his Phiwsky"*^^' 
immense diocese was divided, the bishop re- fS^^cTBfshop 
taining Japan. The Rev. WilHam P. Orrick, of ^^ China 
Pennsylvania, was elected Bishop of China, but 
decHned. The next year Dr. Schereschewsky 
was elected, but he also declined. Bishop Wil- 
liams continued his oversight of the mission until 
1877, when Dr. Schereschewsky, being again 
elected, accepted, and was consecrated in the 
United States in October of that year. 

At this time the work in Shanghai comprised l^hoo^*^'* 
the native city and the suburb known as Hong- 
kew, with nine out-stations. There were three 
boarding schools and several day schools. There 
was a large hospital work, which demanded a 
physician, and the evangelistic work was promis- 
ing as it had never been before. Bishop Scheres- 
chewsky proceeded at once to systematize the 
work and to enlarge it as far as he could with 
his small staff of workers. Miss Fay's boys' school 
had already been enlarged and a theological de- 

69 



7^ American Episcopal Church in China 

partment added. On November 6th, 1876, the 
twenty-sixth anniversary of Miss Fay's departure 
from New York for China, the school was form- 
ally opened, under the name of Duane Hall and 
Divinity School, in memory of Dr. Duane, the 
late foreign secretary of the Board. The school 
opened with sixty pupils in the boarding and day"" 
department and ten candidates in the divinity 
school. 

In the same month the Emma Jones Girls' 
School, which had been disbanded at the time of 
Miss Catherine Jones's death, was reorganized, 
and Miss Nelson, daughter of Dr. Nelson, was 
placed in charge. 
What a Bishop Schereschewsky reached Shanghai in 

Woman Did . . 

October, 1878. Just before his arrival the mis- 
sion met with an irreparable loss in the death of 
Miss Fay. During her twenty-seven years of 
service, broken only by one short vacation at the 
end of twenty years. Miss Fay had been untir- 
ingly devoted to her work. To her eminence as 
a Chinese scholar the most flattering testimony 
was borne, not only by Chinese of the highest 
literary attainments, but also by the most accom- 
plished students of the language among mission- 
aries of all bodies. She was a very faithful and 
successful teacher. Her zeal was equalled by her 
judgment and practical good sense. She was a 
woman of deep spirituality, unselfish and sincere. 
" I went to China," she herself once said, '' pray- 



The Work Under Bishop Schereschewsky 71 

ing continually that God would make me instru- 
mental in leading one native youth to the min- 
istry of reconciliation." Before her death she 
saw four of her pupils laboring as clergymen 
among their own people. Since then six others 
have been ordained. 

One of Bishop Schereschewsky's first under- Iqi/^^J^' 
takings was to select a suitable site for the mis- 
sionary college which he wished to establish in 
Shanghai. Toward the close of 1878 he pur- 
chased the Jessfield estate, a tract of thirteen 
acres, in the form of a peninsula, bounded on two 
sides by the Soochow Creek. It is about five 
miles from the Bund, or water front, of Shang- 
hai, and is connected with tKe foreign settlement 
by a good carriage road. At the time of the pur- 
chase it was considered to be far out in the coun- 
try, but the road is now bordered by many fine 
foreign houses. There was a very good house on 
the place, which Bishop Schereschewsky pro- 
posed to occupy. 

On Easter Monday, April 14th, 1879, the cor- 
nerstone of St. John's College was laid, and in the 
fall the building was so far completed that the 
school was opened. The bishop was president of 
the faculty, which included the Rev. W. J. Boone, 
who had been transferred from Wuchang to take 
part in the work of the college; the Rev. Y. K. 
Yen, and the Rev. D. M. Bates, who had arrived 
in the spring of 1878. 



y2 American Episcopal Church in China 

It was Bishop Schereschewsky's intention that 
the college, with its grounds, should be the head- 
quarters of the mission in Shanghai. It has 
grown to be (1907) one of the finest mission 
centres in China, and no institution in the empire 
surpasses St. John's University. The compound 
is covered with substantial buildings, well suited 
to their purpose. Besides the three large college 
buildings, with houses for the foreign professors 
and the Chinese clergy and teachers, there are 
also the beautiful church known as St. John's 
Pro-cathedral ; the bishop's residence ; St. Mary's 
Hall for Girls ; St. Mary's Orphanage ; a training- 
school for Chinese Bible women ; a house for the 
single women workers, and a large dispensary 
building. The growth of the work may be judged 
somewhat from the fact that the church had to be 
enlarged twice within three years, and that the 
large college building will not accommodate the 
students from all over the empire who apply for 
admission. 
Henry v^. In 1880 the mcdical work in Shanghai wel- 

Boone, M.D., 111 1 1 r 1 • • t a 

and His coiTied tlic long-hoped-ior physician, in August 
Dr. Henry W. Boone, eldest son of Bishop Boone, 
came to Shanghai, where he was greatly needed, 
both in the hospital and in the medical depart- 
ment which Bishop Schereschewsky wished to 
establish at St. John's College. One of Dr. 
Boone's first acts was to open a dispensary at the 
college, which soon drew many patients from the 



Hospital 



The Work Under Bishop Schereschewsky 73 

surrounding villages. He began a medical class. 
This might have seemed enough for any one man 
to undertake, but he also took charge of the hos- 
pital work in Hongkew, and so great was his suc- 
cess that in December, only four months after his 
arrival, he had the satisfaction of seeing a new 
building opened there, under the name of St. 
Luke's Hospital. The work done for so long un- 
der the care of Mr. Thomson, and with the con- 
stant help of Mr. Woo, had prepared the way for 
the new physician, and his own skill commended 
him from the first to his Chinese patients. A 
wealthy Chinese, Mr. Li, gave the land for the 
new hospital, and a little later Mr. Li helped to 
raise money to build two wards, with an office 
and an operating room. 

The story of Mr. Li may be told in the words Chinese ^ 

"^ "^ Contributions 

of the Rev. H. N. Woo, so long Mr. Thomson's 
assistant in the hospital work and now the senior 
Chinese priest of the Shanghai staff. " Mr. Li 
was a charitable young man, compradore to a 
well-known business firm, and just become fa- 
mous and popular among the business people. 
He made friends with Mr. Woo, because one 
snowy winter day Mr. Woo went with the Chi- 
nese subscription book to ask his subscription. 
That very minute he received me witfi kindest 
manner, as if I was one of his old sincere friends. 
Why? Because I called on him for his subscrip- 
tion for the St. Luke's Hospital on such a very 



74 American Episcopal Church in China 

cold day. Then he invited me to his business 
parlor, and talked particularly about himself hav-r 
ing collected taels 3,000 from friends for the re- 
pair of the Bubbling Well temple. I immediately 
invited him to join with me to collect funds to 
assist the hospital. The good building of a hos- 
pital can do a thousand times more good than the 
good building of a temple, because the poor sick 
people need most help, especially the houseless, 
friendless people. Poor and rich, if sick, can go 
to the hospital, get drugs, and be attended by the 
physicians or surgeons. When one party gets 
well another party can come in, and so on con- 
tinually, year after year. But a comfortable 
building for idols and Buddhist priests only com- 
forts a certain number of priests. Mr. Li was a 
clever, quick and reasonable man. He answered 
me right away : ' Well, Mr. Woo, I will help you 
hereafter. Your remarks are quite true.' " 

So the medical work in Shanghai was placed 
upon a firm foundation, and Mr. Thomson saw 
one of his great desires realized. In addition to 
all his other labors. Dr. Boone became attending 
physician to his fellow-workers, and had medical 
oversight of the boarding schools. 

Bishop Schereschewsky was deeply interested 
in educational work, and it was his plan to trans- 
fer the two girls' schools — the Emma Jones and 
the Bridgman Memorial — to Jessfield, and to con- 
solidate them under the name of St. Mary's Hall, 



The Work Under Bishop Schereschewsky 75 

with Miss Mary Nelson in charge. But in the 
fall of 1880 Mrs. Nelson's failing health com- 
pelled her to leave Shanghai, and in January,^ 
188 1, Dr. Nelson, after thirty years of service, 
felt it necessary to withdraw from the mission. 
His daughter resigned at the same time, and the 
new school was placed temporarily in the care of 
Mrs. William J. Boone. In the fall, however, a 
party of new workers arrived, and one of them, 
Miss Anna Stevens, took charge of the school. 

Besides the Nelsons, the mission lost during 
the year the services of Mr. and Mrs. Bates. 
They withdrew on account of Mr. Bates' health, 
reluctantly, and to the deep regret of all the mis- 
sion staff. 

During the years from 1876 to 1881 the new Hospital for 

^Vonlen, 

stations, as Wuchang and Hankow were still wuchang 
called, had been growing and prospering. The 
schools for both boys and girls were full, and Mr. 
Boone had four candidates for orders under his 
instruction in the fall of 1876. Dr. Bunn was 
literally overwhelmed with work, and he had two 
young men studying medicine under his direction. 
Realizing the great amount of suffering among 
Chinese women and children, and how very little 
could be done for them by a man, he urged upon 
the Board the necessity for appointing a woman 
physician. In the fall of 1878 he opened in a 
hired house a small hospital for women and chil- 
dren, and, with the cordial approval of the Board, 



76 American Episcopal Church in China 

he named it the Elizabeth Bunn Hospital, in 
memory of his wife, whose death had occurred 
early in the year. Mrs. Bunn was a woman much 
beloved by her associates in the mission, and her 
gentle interest and sympathy had endeared her to 
the Chinese. 

In the fall of 1880 Dr. Bunn felt obliged to re- 
sign. He had given six years of most effective 
service ; he had built up a strong medical work 
for men, and had begun a work for women. The 
committee accepted his resignation with the 
greatest regret. 

Dr. William A. Deas Vv^as appointed to succeed 
Dr. Bunn. Before his arrival, in the early spring 
of 1881, the fund for the building of the EHzabeth 
Bunn Memorial Hospital was completed. Dr. 
Deas entered upon his medical duties immediately 
upon his arrival. During his first four months 
on the field he treated over one thousand cases, 
and the work continued to grow. He, like Dr. 
Bunn before him, constantly urged the appoint- 
ment of a woman physician to work among the 
Chinese women, for whom a man could do so 
little. 
Sc^l^e^^ Meanwhile the staff had been strengthened in 
ParirieS 1 878 by the appointment of the Rev. and Mrs. W. 
S. Sayres. Upon Mr. Boone's transfer to Shang- 
hai, in 1879, ^^^- Sayres took charge of the Wu- 
chang station, and Mrs. Sayres took the oversight 
of the Jane Bohlen School. This school had 



The Work Under Bishop Schereschewsky 7 7 

been placed in the care of Miss Harris in 1877, 
and after her marriage to Mr. Boone she had 
still kept charge until she went with her husband 
to Shanghai. In 1880 Mrs. Sayres died. At this 
time, by Mr. Hoyt's resignation and Mr. Boone's 
transfer, the station had been left with Mr. Sayres 
as the only foreign clergyman, and Mrs. Sayres's 
mother, Mrs. Hopkins, who had made her home 
with her daughter, was the only foreign lady on 
the compound. In June Miss Roberts arrived; 
and at once took charge of the girls' school. Dur- 
ing 1 88 1 Bishop Schereschewsky took up his resi- 
dence in Wuchang, where he wished to superin- 
tend personally the building of the new church. 
A man of great energy, he overworked in the 
heat of the Wuchang summer, and on August 
13th, 1 88 1, he was prostrated by sunstroke, which 
brought on partial paralysis and completed the 
overthrow of his already much-impaired health. 
He was removed to Shanghai, where, under the 
constant care of Dr. Boone and Dr. Deas, he im- 
proved somewhat during the fall and winter ; but 
in the following spring the doctors deemed it ad- 
visable for him to try a change of climate, and in 
March he sailed for Europe with his family. Be- 
fore his departure he appointed the standing com- 
mittee to take charge of the affairs of the mission. 
In the fall of 1881 the work, both in Shanghai 
and in Wuchang, had received reinforcements. 
In Shanghai two teachers joined the staff, Mr. 



78 American Episcopal Church in China 

Buttles, as teacher of natural science in St. John's 
College, and Miss Stevens, as principal of St. 
Mary's Hall ; while the Rev. F. R. Graves went to 
Wuchang, and Miss Boyd to Hankow. On 
Christmas Day of 1881 the new Church of the 
Nativity in Wuchang was used for the first time, 
the service concluding with the baptism of twen- 
ty-five persons. 

During the next year the work in Wuchang 
met with some changes. Miss Boyd died in 
Hankow, and Miss Roberts was transferred to 
Shanghai, where she taught English in St. John's 
College, taking charge of the first English classes 
held in the institution. Mr. Sayres was also trans- 
ferred to Shanghai, to work in the college, and 
there during the spring he married Miss Stevens, 
the lady in charge at St. Mary's Hall. Three 
ladies were appointed to Shanghai during the 
summer, and two of them. Misses Bruce and 
Lawson, arrived in the fall At the beginning of 
1883 St. John's College averaged eighty pupils, in 
five departments. Mr. Boone acted as president, 
Mr. Yen as headmaster, and Miss Spencer, on 
her arrival, was placed in charge of the English 
department, left vacant by Miss Roberts' mar- 
riage to Mr. Graves. All the day schools were 
prospering. The evangelistic work was going on 
steadily. A new station had been opened at 
Kiading, a small city about twenty-five miles from 
Shanghai. The Rev. H. N. Woo, so long Mr. 




o 
< 



* O 
H 



en 

o I 

o 
o 
p^ 

o 
g 

H 
<1 

c^ 

W 

On 

O 

W 



The Work Under Bishop Schereschewsky 79 



Thomson's faithful helper, was in charge of this 
station, and also carried on dispensaries and su- 
pervised day schools in many villages around 
Shanghai. St. Luke's Hospital had so greatly 
increased in usefulness that a new piece of land 
was purchased, and a medical school and resi- 
dence for students were put up. Large contribu- 
tions towards the new buildings were received 
from the Chinese. 

In 1882 Mr. and Mrs. Herbert Sowerby, for- 
merly of the China Inland Mission, joined the 
staff in Wuchang, and in 1883 the Rev. and Mrs. 
A. H. Locke arrived. Later in the same year 
Mrs. Kate Sayers, a trained nurse, entered upon 
duty at the Elizabeth Bunn Memorial Hospital. 

In October Bishop Schereschewsky tendered 
his resignation to the House of Bishops. '' He 
deemed it his duty to resign, in view of his long- 
continued illness and the need for active epis- 
copal oversight of the mission, but he still hoped 
to return to China as a translator, and he wished 
it to be distinctly understood that he had not re- 
signed as a missionary." This resignation was 
accepted of necessity with great regret; and the 
House of Bishops elected the Rev. George Worth- 
ington, of Detroit, but he, after consideration, 
declined the office. The choice then fell upon the 
Rev. William Jones Boone, a choice of which the 
wisdom was apparent from the first, who, as^a 
child, had been brought up on the field, and who. 



Bishop 
Scheres- 
chewsky 
Resigns and 
Dr. William 
fc-oone 
Elected 



8o American Episcopal Church in China 

as a man, had labored faithfully and successfully 
for fourteen years among the people. 

REFERENCES TO THE SPIRIT OF MISSIONS 

Duane Hall (1877), p. 84. 

Miss Fay (1877), p. 165. 

Emma Jones School (1877), P- 167. 

Missionary College (1877), p. 307. 

Missionary Conference (1877), p. 530. 

Bishop Schereschewsky's Consecration (1877), p. 665. 

Miss Fay (1879), pp. 36-47-120. 

Jane Bohlen School (1879), p. 174. 

Jessfield (1879), P- 278. 

St. John's College (1879), pp. 321-347. 

Wuchang and Hankow (1881), p. 112. 

St. John's College (1881), p. 159. 

Bishop Schereschewsky's Translations (1881), p. 161. 

American and English Church (1881), p. 271. 

Work in Wuchang (1881), p. 347. 

Bishop Schereschewsky's Illness (1882), pp. 43-147. 

Mr. Yen on Education of Chinese boys (1882), p. 222. 

Need of Women Workers (1882), p. 313. 

Buddhism and Women (1882), p. 384. 

Elizabeth Bunn Memorial Hospital (1883), p. 289. 



THE WORK UNDER THE SECOND 
BISHOP BOONE 



VII 

THE WORK UNDER THE SECOND 
BISHOP BOONE 

1884-1893 

WILLIAM JONES BOONE was conse- ^^-^.^^"^ 
crated bishop on October 28th, 1884, in ?i^.^°P°^^^* 

^ ' ^' China Mission 

Holy Trinity Church, in the Enghsh settlement of 
Shanghai. His attending presbyters were the 
Rev. E. H. Thomson and the Rev. Wong Kong- 
chai, the latter having been present at the conse- 
cration of the first Bishop Boone in Philadelphia 
forty years before. This was the second conse- 
cration in China, a Roman bishop having been 
consecrated a few years before. 

Bishop Boone's first episcopal act was the con- 
secration of the memorial church at St. John's 
College. This church had long been desired. In 
1 88 1 the money for its erection had been given by 
Miss Lavinia Clarkson, of Potsdam, New York. 
The illness and absence from the field of Bishop 
Schereschewsky delayed the work, but it was 
finally begun in the spring of 1884. The corner- 
stone was laid on Whitsun Tuesday, and Mr. 
Boone wrote : " Our prayer was for this stone, 
laid in the Name of God and the faith, that what 

83 



84 American Episcopal Church in China 

we now begin may in Him be brought to a happy 
end/' The church was consecrated on All Saints' 
Day, and on the same day two Chinese deacons 
were advanced to the priesthood, one of them be- 
ing a former pupil of Miss Fay. 
^st.^Majy^s Bishop Boouc's first report, covering the work 
Shanghai of all the stations, was a very hopeful one. He 
reported 31 stations, with 17 clergymen, 2 for- 
eign physicians, 13 foreign lay workers, and 55 
Chinese acting as catechists and teachers. There 
were now 326 Chinese communicants, and over 
700 pupils in boarding and day schools. A new 
station had been opened by Mr. Sayres at Ching- 
kiarig, on the Yang-tsz, and the clerical force had 
been strengthened by the coming of the Rev. S. 
C. Partridge, while Dr. E. M. Griffiths had been 
appointed to work with Dr. Boone. The bishop 
had appointed the Rev. E. H. Thomson arch- 
deacon to oversee the many out-stations around 
Shanghai. An orphanage work had been begun 
at St. Mary's Hall, where several babies, sup- 
ported by the Chinese contributors, were cared 
for. This work was under the charge of Miss 
Wong, the daughter of the Rev. K. C. Wong, and 
she and her pupils at St. Mary's Hall had earned 
nearly a third of the sum needed to build a suit- 
able house. In closing his report, the bishop spoke 
most earnestly and urgently of the great need of 
workers in Shanghai, a headmaster for St. John's 
College, a clergyman to assist Archdeacon Thorn- 



Work Under the Second Bishop Boone 85 

son, and a woman to train Chinese Bible-women ; 
and in Wuchang, a woman physician for the 
EHzabeth Bunn Hospital, and a woman to take 
charge of the Jane Bohlen School. 

During the year the money for the orphanage 
was secured and the building opened. This work 
was one which appealed to all hearts. The little 
girls taken in were saved, some of them from 
death, and others from what in itself is a hard 
enough fate — the life of the ordinary Chinese girl 
in a heathen home. Brought very young, some 
only a few days old, they grew up, knowing no 
home but the orphanage — a happy home, with 
tender care and Christian teaching. It would 
have been easy to have the house crowded, since 
to turn the unwelcome girl-baby over to the care 
of the mission was far easier than bestowing 
upon it even such very perfunctory '' bringing 
up " as falls to the lot of the average Chinese girl. 

In 1886 the station at Chingkiang was removed station 

^ ^ . Opened at 

to Wuhu, and a new station was opened at Shasi, shasi 
beyond Hankow, by Mr. Sowerby. Shasi had a 
bad name. Captains of river steamers called its 
people the worst between Hankow and Ichang. 
But the town was an important one, and was only 
one day's journey from the border of the con- 
servative province of Hunan, closed against for- 
eigners. Toward Hunan missionaries looked long- 
ingly, and it was hoped that a station at Shasi 
might be a help toward entrance there. One of 



86 American Episcopal Church in China 

the occasional edicts giving the people permission 
to embrace Christianity and forbidding them to 
trouble in any way missionaries or their converts, 
had just been issued. Mr. Sowerby reported that 
this order was obeyed to the letter during the time 
he spent at Shasi. The new station was opened 
without difficulty of any sort. In Wuchang the 
Rev. F. R. Graves was in charge, and the Rev. 
S. C. Partridge was at the head of the Boone 
School. 

Ph^sSan ^^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ordination was held in Han- 
kow, four young Chinese being admitted to the 
diaconate. In May of the same year Dr. Marie 
Haslep reached Wuchang, and, with Miss Wong, 
one of the Rev. Wong Kong-chai's daughters, as 
her assistant, began her work in the Elizabeth 
Bunn Hospital. '' She wrote feelingly of the 
various obstacles in the way of the foreign phy- 
sician's success. She must be doctor and drug- 
gist ; train her own nurses and assistants ; and, 
for the sake of cleanliness and exactness, must 
add to these duties a general overseer's work as 
well." 

station at In liis rcport for 1888-1889 the bishop recorded 
his removal to Hankow, where he went to take 
up the work of the Rev. A. H. Locke during the 
latter's absence on furlough. In December he 
laid the cornerstone of the new Church of the 
Nativity in Wuchang, replacing the old one, torn 
down because it had become unsafe. He also re- 



I 



Ichang 







Q 
O 
O 

w 
c 






u 
o 
o 

Q 

W 

W 






Work Under the Second Bishop Boone 87 

ported the opening of Ichang by Mr. Sowerby. 
This, the mission's frontier station, opened early 
in 1889, is a large city, nearly a thousand miles up 
the Yang-tsz. 

During the years from 1886 to 1889 the Shang- The wong 
hai district had been making progress. New 
workers had joined the staff. In 1886 a young 
clergyman, the Rev. F. L. Hawks Pott, arrived, 
and while pursuing the study of the language took 
classes in the college. In 1888 Miss Dodson 
joined the mission as a teacher, and Dr. and Mrs. 
Mathews also arrived; and in 1889 the force was 
still further increased by the arrival of Mr. and 
Mrs. Smalley. In the bishop's report particular 
mention was made of Mr. Pott's fine work in the 
college, and of his influence over the boys. A 
new building for St. Mary's Hall was formally 
opened on Christmas Day, 1888. But, offsetting 
all the prosperity during these years, the mission 
lost two of its most esteemed members. On No- 
vember I2th, 1886, the senior Chinese clergyman, 
the Rev. Wong Kong-chai, entered into rest. He 
stands a prominent figure in the story of the mis- 
sion. As a boy, having been taken to America 
by the first Bishop Boone, on the return voyage 
he professed Christianity and asked for baptism. 
Separated from the missionaries by circumstances, 
he returned to them as soon as he was free to do 
so. He was the first convert to be baptized, th'* 
first candidate for Holv Orders, the first clergv 



88 American Episcopal Church in China 

man to be ordained. His chosen wife, coming to 
study in Miss Emma Jones's girls' school, was the 
first of its pupils to receive baptism. 

It is told of her that on her wedding day, being 
accused of remissness in etiquette because she 
did not cry, which is considered the proper thing 
for a Chinese girl to do at her marriage, she re- 
plied, '' What have I to cry for? Am I not mar- 
rying a young man who is liked and respected by 
everyone, and a clergyman, too? I shall cer- 
tainly be very happy; I have nothing to cry 
about." Mr. Wong was indeed liked and re- 
spected by everyone who knew him. His life was 
devoted to the work of the mission, and he was 
as efficient as he was devoted and faithful. He 
lived to see the second Bishop Boone consecrated, 
to see the work of the mission extending and 
prospering, and to see his own children following 
his exam.ple in faithfulness to the Church he loved 
and served. To his daughter belongs the honor 
of having established St. Mary's Orphanage, and 
she rem^ains, as Mrs. Pott, a most valuable and 
untiring worker. 
Mrs. Elliott In the fall of 1889 came the news of Mrs. 

H. Thomson • -r» i • 

Thomson s death at her home m Pennsylvania. 
This news was not less sad because it was ex- 
pected. After long and serious illness, her phy- 
sicians had pronounced her to be suffering from 
an incurable disease, and in the summer of 1888, 
with Mr. Thomson, she left Shanghai. Bishop 



Work Under the Second Bishop Boone 89 

Boone spoke of their departure as '' the chief and 
saddest event of the year/' Mrs. Thomson's 
term of service in the mission had extended over 
thirty-four years, and there was no work for girls 
and women in which she had not borne a part. 
A woman of strong will, fervent piety, and great 
practical energy, her house was a home to all her 
fellow-workers, she herself like a mother to the 
younger members of the staff, and not only her 
foreign fellow-workers, but all the Chinese who 
knew her, felt for her the greatest affection and 
esteem. 

The bishop in 1889 made an urgent appeal for ^^^ Needed 
four clergymen, to be sent out as soon as possible, 
one being particularly needed at Wuhu. There 
was also great need for women workers. Of the 
ten single women who had come out since 1880, 
three had married, two had died, and four had 
withdrawn, two of these last being married. 
There were now but three single foreign women 
in the field. This lack of workers was the one 
very serious hindrance at the beginning of 1890. 
The four clergymen Bishop Boone had asked for 
in his last report had not offered, and Mr. Graves 
wrote that the mission wanted, '' first of all, a 
true Christian man; next, a man with good 
health and common sense; and, thirdly, a man 
with fair ability." The work was divided up as 
well as possible among the workers. In Shanghai 
Mr. Pott had charge of St. John's College, and 



90 American Episcopal Church in China 

Miss Dodson of St. Mary's Hall, while the 
orphanage was Mrs. Pott's especial care. In 
Wuchang Mr. Graves was in charge, and Mr. 
Partridge was at the head of Boone School, which 
had grown so that a new wing was to be built; 
and Mrs. Graves had resumed charge of the Jane 
Bohlen School. 
Short- The medical work in Shanghai was prospering, 
Dr. Boone being assisted by Dr. Mathews. In 
Wuchang Dr. Haslep was busy among the 
women. The men's hospital was closed, because 
Dr. Deas had gone to America on furlough. He 
hoped to secure funds for the new building so 
much needed. In 1890, as in 1848, the appeal 
of Mr. Syle for workers had the same force: 
" When one of our number is absent, our good 
work has been often given up, and a post of most 
promising usefulness deserted for a time." In 
the evangelistic work there was great need of 
clergymen and of women to teach the Chinese 
women. Mr. Graves wrote from Wuchang: 
" There is no glorious opportunity for enrolling 
multitudes at a word, but plenty of chances for 
hard work." 
Anti. Foreign Wuchaug, like all literary centres in China. 

Sentiment . - . . . tn • 

was strongly anti-foreign m sentiment. Durmg 
1890 an attempt was made to stir up an anti- 
Christian demonstration. Anonymous placards 
were put up, and hand-bills, making the most vio- ] 
lent accusations and threats against foreigners 



Work Under the Second Bishop Boone 91 

and their doctrines, were distributed all over the 
city and everywhere up and down the Yang-tsz. 
The members of the various missions joined in a 
demand that the demonstration should be 
checked and the ringleaders of the movement 
punished. The Taotai exerted himself, and the 
trouble subsided for the time. 

In this year a ward for women was opened in 
connection with St. Luke's Hospital, Shanghai, 
and Dr. Haslep was transferred from Wuchang 
and placed in charge. This necessitated the clos- 
ing of the Elizabeth Bunn Hospital, and, as Dr. 
Deas resigned from the mission, the medical work 
in Wuchang came to a standstill. Both in Wu- 
chang and Shanghai the staff was reduced by the 
necessary absence of several of the miissionaries, 
and Bishop Boone's appeal for workers had so far 
met with no response. In the spring of 1891 the 
Shanghai staff was still further reduced by the 
sudden death of Miss Spencer, just as she was 
preparing to return to the field after her furlough. 
This was a very serious loss, especially to St. 
John's College. Miss Spencer's work in the Eng- 
lish department had been most valuable, and her 
great interest in her pupils had given her re- 
markable influence with them. 

Eighteen hundred and ninety-one is known as The Riot Year 
the '' Riot Year " in China. The motives for 
carefully organized attacks upon foreigners are 
not always easy to trace. A general hatred of 



92 American Episcopal Church in China 

everything foreign, always latent in China, may 
be brought to a head by a variety of circum- 
stances. Generally speaking, the missionary and 
his doctrine are obnoxious, not as a missionary 
and teacher of Christianity, but as a foreigner 
with a foreign belief. The missionary is the vic- 
tim of mob violence because he is on the spot. 
Any foreigner would be just as acceptable to the 
excited mob. Sometimes the propensity of the 
Romanists to interfere with politics or with the 
laws draws upon them particular attention. This 
was the case in Wuhu in 1891, when the Roman 
mission was destroyed and other missions escaped. 
In Shanghai the ladies and children at St. John's 
were sent into the Settlement, but after a few 
days they returned home and no trouble occurred. 
At the request of the American consul-general, 
the Taotai sent a guard of Chinese soldiers to 
protect the compound. In Wuchang it was 
thought best to send the ladies across the river 
to Hankow. The men remained at their posts 
and went on with their work. 

In September Ichang was rioted. The mission 
house, only just completed, was burned, and Mr. 
Sowerby was attacked by the mob, and though 
he escaped without serious injury, all his belong- 
ings were destroyed. 

A proclamation from Peking ended the riots. 
The emperor issued an edict declaring Chris- 
tianity to be one of the religions of China, and 



Work Under the Second Bishop Boone 93 

commanding that the native Christians should be 
protected by the officials, since their embracing 
the doctrine did not alter their position as chil- 
dren of their sovereign. So the magistrates be- 
stirred themselves, and the people quieted down. 

Bishop Boone, who was living in Wuchang, to Death of the 

Second 

supply the lack of workers there, gave up his own Bishop Boone 
house at Wuchang to Mr. Sowerby and his fam- 
ily. The bishop was preparing to go on a visita- 
tion when he was taken sick. The disease proved 
to be typhoid fever, and he was removed to Han- 
kow, where he died on October 5th. In Bishop 
Boone the mission lost a leader of whom the For- 
eign Committee spoke as '' the right man in the 
right place." He was a man of sound judgment, 
foresight, and business ability, devoted to his 
work, humble and self-sacrificing, and with a sin- 
cere love of the Church and her ways. He died 
at a time when he was sorely needed. With the 
work disorganized by the riots, the mission, re- 
duced in numbers, was left without its leader. As 
always at such a time, the staff rose to meet the 
emergency, going on steadily with their work. 
A litthe later, in 1891, they welcomed three new 
workers. Dr. Edward Merrins came to reopen 
the hospital in Wuchang (closed since Dr. Deas' 
departure), and two clergymen, the Rev. James 
Addison Ingle and the Rev. Robert K. Massie, 
came to work in Shanghai. Mr. Ingle, at his 



94 American Episcopal Church in China 

own request, was soon transferred to Hankow, 
where Mr. Locke needed his help. 
'^^^ ^itftlonl Early in 1892 the new St. Paul's Church in 
Prosper Haukow was opened. All the work in the up- 
river stations was prospering. Dr. Merrins was 
at work on the language, hoping soon to be able 
to begin regular medical work. He asked for an 
appropriation to build the much-needed hospital 
for men in Wuchang, and urged the great need 
of a woman doctor or, at any rate, a trained 
nurse, for the Elizabeth Bunn Hospital, closed 
since Dr. Haslep had been transferred to 
Shanghai. 

In the spring of this year Bishop Hare, as the 
representative of the Board of Managers, visited 
China. In a letter to the Board he spoke in the 
highest terms of the mission and its work, and 
mentioned the three needs in Wuchang — a clergy- 
man to help in the schools and in opening new 
stations ; a lady to assist Mrs. Graves in the Jane 
Bohlen School, and a trained nurse to work in the 
Elizabeth Bunn Hospital. 

In its report on foreign missions for 1891-1892 

the Board mentioned the Chinese Exclusion Act, 

recently enacted by Congress, concerning which 

» the Board had adopted the following resolutions : 

''Whereas, a law has been enacted by Con- 
gress which gravely affects, indirectly, our mis- 
sionary work in China ; therefore, be it 

''Resolved: That this Board contemplates with 



I 



Work Under the Second Bishop Boone 95 

serious apprehension the effect of such legislation 
upon our missionary work, and trusts that said 
law shall be so judiciously and leniently enforced 
that our foreign relations may not be disturbed/' 
In the same report attention was called to the 
vacant episcopate in China. '' It is often said 
that the American Church has such a problem 
before her in her vast field of domestic missions 
that she may well leave the work of foreign mis- 
sions to the Mother Church, but the latter has a 
vast work before her in her own colonies and in 
the evangelization of India, which is under her 
own sovereign, and for which she is directly re- 
sponsible to Almighty God. It is not a question 
of establishing missions of the Church in coun- 
tries which the English Church has already to 
some extent occupied, but it is a question of prop- 
erly sustaining our own m^issions, which have a 
long history, where much work, preparatory and 
otherwise, has been done during all these years, 
where we have sent a band of American workers, 
who have the right to be under the jurisdiction 
of a bishop of their own nationality.'' 

REFERENCES TO THE SPIRIT OF MISSIONS 

Rev. Wong Kong-chai (1884), p. 141. 

The Elizabeth Bunn Memorial Hospital (1884), P- 208. 

The Church of the Nativity, Wuchang (1884), p. 294. 

The Orphanage (1884), p. 361. 

Life in Wuchang (1884), p. 361. 



96 American Episcopal Church in China 

The Corner-stone of St. John's Church, Shanghai 

(1884), p. 435. 
Consecration of Bishop Boone (1885), P- 50- 
The Orphanage (1885), pp. 177-478-492. 
St. John's Church, Shanghai (1885), p. 267. 
Medical Work (1885), p. 522. 
The Orphanage (1886), p. 19. 
Mrs. Nelson (1886), p. 19. 
Historical Sketch of Medical Missions in China (1886), 

p. 48. 
Men's Hospital, Wuchang (1886), p. 141. 
Wuhu and Shasi (1886), p. 252. 
Rev. Wong Kong-chai (1887), pp. 22-63-68. 
American Church in China (1887), p. 147. 
New Church, Wuchang (1889), p. 100. 
The New St. Mary's Hall (1889), pp. 101-154. 
Woman's Hospital, Wuchang (1889), p. 154. 
Ichang, Shasi (1889), P- 35^. 



I 



GROWTH AND EXTENSION 



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VIII 

GROWTH AND EXTENSION 
1893-1900 

THE period from 1893 to 1900 was a time of 
steady growth in the China mission. Every 
step was forward, the work constantly extended 
and enlarged, and no less than thirty-seven new 
members joined the staff, of whom nearly all still 
remain on the field. 

At a meeting of the House of Bishops in Qraves^Fifth 
March, 1893, the Rev. F. R. Graves was elected Amedla^'n^^* 
Bishop of the American Church in China. He chrna^^" 
was consecrated in St. Thomas's Church, New 
York, on June 14th, 1893, and sailed for Shang- 
hai on August 7th. The report of the mission 
for 1892-1893 was forwarded to the Board by 
the standing committee, who had been in charge 
since the death of Bishop Boone. " We are sure/' 
they wrote, '' that Bishop Graves will be the 
right man in the right place. His acquaintance 
with the Chinese language and literature will give 
him prominence and influence, and his knowledge 
of the sentiments of the Church will incline him 
to a liberal policy, while his firmness of character 
and impartiality of judgment qualify him to rule 

UOFC. ^ 



lOO American Episcopal Church in China 

well the affairs of the mission, both ecclesiastical 
and secular/' 
Plans Bishop Graves laid out the work carefully. In 
the up-river district the Rev. J. A. Ingle was to 
be in charge at Hankow, while in Wuchang the 
Rev. S. C. Partridge had charge of the theological 
school, the Church of the Nativity, and the ser- 
vices in the hospital and dispensary; the Rev. 
Herbert Sowerby took Boone School and the day 
schools, the services in St. Thomas's Chapel and 
the superintendence of the out-stations of Ichang 
and Shasi. Mrs. Sowerby took charge of the 
Jane Bohlen School. A trained nurse. Miss Mc- 
Rae, had begun work for women in the Elizabeth 
Bunn Hospital, and Dr. Merrins was urging 
more strongly than ever the need of a building for 
the men's hospital. The Rev. H. C. Collins, 
M. D., had joined Mr. Ingle in Hankow, and was 
studying the language, and the bishop had de- 
cided to live in Hankow. 

In Shanghai all the work was making very 
good progress. Dr. Boone reported St. Luke's 
Hospital as entirely self-supporting, except for 
the salary of the physician in charge. Dr. Has- 
lep's work among the women was constantly in- 
creasing. The schools were in good condition. 
But ever before the eyes of the workers were the 
opportunities about them, of which they could not 
take advantage because the staff was so small. 
Bishop Graves, ten years later, writes of the be- 



Growth and Extension 



lOI 



ginnings of his episcopate : '' Ours was a small 
mission. We had been doing our best with the 
means at our disposal, and I think good founda- 
tions had been laid ; but it was the day of small 
things. We were few in number, we were scat- 
tered widely, and we had a greater work on our 
hands than we knew how to do. But we were 
hopeful of the future. We believed that the 
Church would some day realize her opportunity 
and come to our aid. So we kept on praying and 
working, no matter what the odds against us.'' 

In 1893 M^s. Twing, Honorary Secretary of the 
Woman's Auxiliary, while on a visit to Shanghai, 
organized a branch of the Woman's Auxiliary 
among the Chinese women. One result of Mrs. 
Twing's visit was the increased interest in the 
work among the women of China which she 
aroused in the hearts of the Church women of 
America by her letters, written from the field, and 
by personal talks after reaching home. 

The year 1893-1894 was a building year. In 
Shanghai the work on the new building for St. 
John's College was begun in September, 1893; 
the building was finished the next year. St. 
Luke's Hospital, which up to this time had been 
in the hands of trustees, was transferred to the; 
mission. Dr. Boone bought a piece of land ad- 
joining the hospital, adding much to the value of 
the property. At Kiading a chapel, school and 
rectory were built. 



The First 
Branch of the 
"Woman's 
Auxiliary 



I02 American Episcopal Church in China 

Hospital f^ In Wuchang a new wing was added to the 
Ni^^statfon Boouc School, and a woman's guest room and a 
library had been put up on the compound. Best 
of all, a hospital for men, to be known as St. 
Peter's Hospital, had been erected with funds 
given by Dr. Seth Low and his brother, Mr. 
Augustus Low, in memory of their father. In 
the spring of 1894 a new station was opened at 
Nganking (now Anking), on the Yang-tsz, a 
very important city, the capital of the Province of 
Anhui. 

Ichang was once more occupied by a foreign 
clergyman, Dr. Collins having been stationed 
there, and the mission house destroyed in 1891 
was to be rebuilt. 
Landmarks j^^ February, 1894, the whole mission met in 
conference at Shanghai. " If we look back upon 
the work of the year," wrote the bishop to the 
Board, '' we can see that much has been accom- 
plished. There have been 237 baptisms and 147 
confirmations ; a new station has been opened ;' 
two deacons ordained; new buildings have been 
erected at Kiading ; St. Peter's Hospital has been 
opened in Wuchang ; St. John's College has been 
rebuilt ; St. Luke's Hospital has been transferred 
to the mission by its trustees ; a new hymnal is 
nearly finished; a general meeting of the mis- 
sion had been held ; and the value of the mission 
property has been increased. These are land- 
marks which mean that much hard work has been 




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Growth and Extension 103 

done, and that, in spite of an insufficient number* 
of workers, we have made steady and in some 
places remarkable progress." 

In the fall of the year Bishop Graves moved Growth 
from Hankow to Shanghai, in order to admin- 
ister the work of the mission more conveniently. 

From this time the growth and progress of the 
work were steady and constant. The Church at 
home seemed to realize what was being under- 
taken, and the great need of workers began to be 
in some measure supplied. Dr. Haslep retired 
from the mission, but her assistant. Miss Wong, 
carried on the work under the supervision of Dr. 
Boone, thus making it possible to keep open the 
woman's ward at St. Luke's. In the fall of 1894 
the work for women was reinforced by the arrival 
of Miss Ward and Miss Crummer. Miss Ward 
took charge of the Jane Bohlen School in Wu- 
chang, and Miss Crummer was stationed in 
Shanghai. The Shanghai staff was further 
strengthened by the appointment of Mr. and Mrs. 
F. C. Cooper in 1894, Mr. Cooper becoming a 
professor in St. John's College, and of the Rev. 
J. L. Rees and Mrs. Rees, and Dr. William Lud- 
low, in 1895. In the same year the Rev. D. T. 
Huntington joined the staff in Wuchang. The 
next year Dr. Mary Gates took charge of the 
woman's ward of St. Luke's Hospital, and the 
Shanghai staff was increased by the coming of 
the Rev. G. F. Mosher, while the Rev. L. H. 



I04 American Episcopal Church in China 

Roots was stationed in Wuchang. In the fall a 
training school for Chinese Bible-women was 
opened on the Jessfield compound in Shanghai, 
Miss Crummer being placed in charge. 

In June, 1897, the mission was saddened by the 
death of Miss Ward. Though she had been in 
China less than three years, she had won to a 
remarkable degree the respect and affection both 
of the foreigners and the Chinese. A woman of 
lovely character, sincere and unselfish, devoted to 
her work, and never thinking of her own ease 
and pleasure, her loss was a severe one to the 
mission, and especially to the Jane Bohlen 
School, of which she had charge. 

The bishop, in his annual report, spoke of the 
quiet and steady progress made in almost every 
department. The schools were all prospering; 
the new training school promised well ; the med- 
ical w^ork was also flourishing. Dr. Gates's com- 
ing added much to the medical work in Shanghai. 
Dr. Merrins had gone from Wuchang to open 
hospital work in Nganking, and his place in Wu- 
chang had been taken by Dr. Ludlow, transferred 
from Shanghai. The evangelistic work was 
looking up. Ichang was reoccupied. Around 
Shanghai new districts were being opened up. 
In translation work the entire Prayer-book, both 
in Mandarin and Wen-li, was ready for the press, 
and a version in the Shanghai dialect was in 
course of preparation. Bishop Schereschewsky's 



Growth and Extension 105 

latest translation of the Bible was completed, and 
he was living in Shanghai to see it through the 
press. In the spring of 1897 a conference of all 
the Anglican bishops of China was held at St. 
John's College, and a strong hope was felt that 
from this conference great good might result to 
the Church in China. 

On June 20th, 1898, occurred the death of the Yung^Khing 
Rev. Y. K. Yen, the senior Chinese priest. '' Mr. 
Yen,'' wrote Bishop Graves, '' was a most able 
and intellectual man. He was animated by the 
truest patriotism, and by a burning desire for 
his country's good; but, best of all, he was a 
most earnest Christian, full of love for his Lord, 
and always busy in His service. He might have 
been, with his abilities and opportunities, one of 
the wealthiest and most prominent men in China, 
but he turned his back upon all worldly honor to 
devote himself to the service of the Church. He 
was for many years a teacher in St. John's Col- 
lege and a professor in the theological school, and 
afterward he was pastor of the Church of Our 
Saviour in Shanghai. He acted for many years 
as a member of the standing committee, and his 
advice was always valuable, by reason of the 
clear and business-like habit of his mind. No one 
can fill the place which he has filled, and no one 
who knew him and recognized how high was his 
ability, how consecrated and pure and true a 
Christian he was, and how faithful and loyal a 



io6 American Episcopal Church in China 

priest, can ever lose hope of the Christianizing of 
a nation that can produce such a man." 

New Workers From 1898 to 1900 sixtccu ncw workers 

joined the mission, most of them going to Han- 
kow and to Wuchang to reinforce the staff there. 

^ The clerical force was strengthened by the addi- 

tion of the Rev. Messrs. Ridgely, Littell, Wood 
and Sherman, in Wuchang, and Ancell and Mc- 
Rae in Shanghai. Wuhu and Nganking had 
each a foreign clergyman at last, the Rev. F. E. 
Lund being stationed at Wuhu and the Rev. C. F. 
Lindstrom at Nganking. The medical work 
welcomed Dr. Lincoln to Shanghai, Dr. Wood- 
ward to Nganking and Dr. Borland and Dr. 
Mary Glenton to Wuchang. The teaching staff 
was reinforced in Shanghai by Miss Richmond, 
and in Wuchang by Miss Osgood, and purely 
evangelistic work among the women was begun 
by Miss Warnock in Shanghai and Miss McCook 
in Hankow. 

Promise The year 1899 saw the new St. Hilda's School 

at Wuchang replace the Jane Bohlen, under the 
charge of Miss Osgood. In the up-river stations 
the work was growing rapidly, and a new interest 
in education for girls and in Christianity for 
itself, aside from its educational value, was no- 
ticeable. Bishop Graves, in closing his report for 
1 897- 1 898, said: " I can only solemnly warn the 
Church that now is her opportunity in China."' 
During these two years many new buildings 



Growth and Extension 107 

were erected. Science Hall was opened at St. 
John's, and the bishop's house on the new com- 
pound was completed. In Sinza, once a country 
station, but now a busy section of the Foreign 
Settlement of Shanghai, St. Peter's Church and 
rectory had been built, and Mr. Rees was in 
charge. In Wuchang St. Paul's Divinity-school 
had been built with funds left by Miss Ward for 
the purpose ; and the girl's school had been re- 
opened in the new building known as St. Hilda's. 
Both up and down the river the schools were 
crowded, the medical work flourishing, new plans 
for the extension of the evangelistic work were 
under consideration. And what was true of the 
American Church Mission was true of every 
other mission in China. The year 1900 opened 
with every promise. If during 1899 there were 
rumors of unrest in the northern provinces, it 
seemed no more than the usual state of affairs in 
the great empire. Certainly no one, even those 
who know China best, dreamed what another 
year was to bring. 



I 



I 



THE DIVISION OF THE DIOCESE 



I 



IX 

THE DIVISION OF THE DIOCESE 

1900-1906 



N his "Record of Ten Years of Church JvJ'V^?"*"^ 

tne China- 



Progress in China'' (1903), Bishop Graves Japan war 
has given a very clear statement concerning the 
Boxer rising. '' The period of change in China 
began with the China- Japan War, in 1894, which 
showed the world that China was no longer a 
strong empire, and pricked the bubble of her 
military reputation. This was as much a surprise 
to the Chinese themselves as it was to the world 
outside, and there followed a spasmodic attempt 
at reform, ill-conceived and ill-managed, result- 
ing in the coup d'etat of 1898, which took all 
power out of the hands of the emperor and placed 
it in the hands of the empress dowager. This 
meant, of course, a reactionary party, and the 
control of the empire by the ultra-conservative 
party. Naturally, missionary work came in for 
its share of dislike. ' No progress ' was the 
motto of the men in power, and as missionary 
work meant new ideas, it was regarded with 
jealousy and suspicion. Then, too, it was a work 
which was promoted by foreigners, and the 



112 American Episcopal Church in China 

Chinese Government had its own reason for dis- 
trusting foreign nations at this time. 
Eifect oft^he ^' After the war with Japan the poHcy of west- 
Movement gj.j^ nations toward China became more aggres- 
sive. In various parts of the country territory 
was demanded and secured — VVei-hai-wei went 
to England, Kiao-chou to Germany, and Port 
Arthur to Russia. The Chinese were thoroughly 
irritated and alarmed, and yet they were unable 
to adopt a strong policy and repel aggression. 
Among the people there was a mingled sense of 
dissatisfaction with the government and of hatred 
towards foreigners, which finally took shape in 
the Boxer movement. Everybody knows how the 
empress encouraged this movement, in the hope 
that it would free China from foreign control 
and drive out of the country every m.an of west- 
ern race. The terrible events of 1900 followed 
speedily. So thorough was the persecution, that 
when it ended misionary work in the northern 
half of the empire seemed to have been anni- 
hilated. The Christians had to bear the weight 
of the Boxer rising, but when it was suppressed 
by the expedition which foreign nations united 
to send, China saw that, so far from its having 
freed her from foreign influence, it had only been 
the means of forging new and stronger chains to 
fetter her." 
Adjustments 'pj^g American Church Mission had no stations 

to Unusual 

Conditions \^ ^^y actually disturbed district. Yet so grave 



The Division of the Diocese 113 

were the possibilities in every part of China that 
Bishop Graves, in his annual report, dated 
August 1st, 1900, wrote: "The outlook at the 
present is sad in the extreme. Within this month 
we have been obliged to withdraw all our native 
clergy from Anhui and Hupeh; almost all our 
missionaries have also been withdrawn, and work 
has ceased at every out-station. Anking and 
Wuchang have been abandoned, and at this mo- 
ment we have missionaries only at Hankow and 
Wuhu, and they will withdraw as soon as they 
can secure the safety of those of the workers and 
Christians who look to them for help. The prop- 
erty of the mission and of the missionaries is at 
the mercy of the soldiers and mob, and we see no 
possible means of saving it. It is impossible to 
forecast what the next few days may bring forth, 
but it seems as if nothing would save our stations 
on the Yang-tsz." 

At the beginning of July the ladies in the river 
stations were called in, first to Hankow, and a 
little later to Shanghai. There the schools closed 
for the summer not much earlier than usual, 
though without any of the usual closing exer- 
cises; and early in July the children from St. 
Mary's Orphanage were sent into the foreign 
settlement, where they were housed in the 
Woman's Hospital, under the care of Miss Crum- 
mer. Most of the foreign ladies and children 
were sent to Japan, the few ladies that remained 



114 American Episcopal Church in China 

being constantly prepared for seeking refuge in 
case of riots in Shanghai. Even in that port, 
dominated by foreigners, riots did not seem by 
any means improbable. Chinese left the place to 
seek safety in the country; Chinese from other 
places poured into Shanghai, relying upon for- 
eign protection even in an anti-foreign move- 
ment. 
vfceJo^s Viceroy Chang, of Hupeh, and viceroy Liu, of 
Kiangsu, stood firm in a friendly attitude toward 
the foreigners, refusing to promulgate the em- 
press's edict to kill the foreigner. To these two 
men our mission stations owe to a great extent 
their safety. And after all the unspeakable hor- 
rors, the griefs and tears of that dreadful sum- 
mer, while here and there in isolated places in 
the north, even while foreign expeditions were on 
their way, missionaries and Christians were still 
being hunted down and put to death, the work in 
Shanghai was beginning again. By the middle 
of September all work in Shanghai was again in 
regular running order. It is noteworthy that St. 
Mary's Hall was the first girls' school to reopen 
in Shanghai, and that it had its full complement 
of pupils almost at once. The up-river stations 
naturally w^ere longer in getting back to their 
usual routine. But in Hankow Mr. Huntington 
and Mr. Roots had remained at their posts all 
summer, and daily services had been held in St. 
Paul's Church. Before the end of the year the 



The Division of the Diocese 115 

men were all back at their posts, and regular 
work was going on everywhere. The women 
workers remained in Shanghai, giving aid in the 
work there, until the beginning of 1901, when 
they returned to Wuchang and Hankow, re- 
opening the girls' schools and the work among 
the women after the Chinese New Year holidays. 

It does not lie within the scope of this account 
of the China mission to speak at length of the 
thousands who in the summer of 1900 laid down 
their lives or suffered the loss of all except life 
for the faith. But foreign missionaries and 
Chinese converts alike were our brothers and sis- 
ters in one common belief and hope. One of our 
own Chinese clergymen said : '' At least, it can 
never be said again that the Chinese are only rice 
Christians.'' The saying may be old, but is none 
the less true, that the blood of the martyrs is the 
seed of the Church; and we who remain in the 
work owx a debt to those who counted not their 
own lives dear, but met suflfering and death 
bravely and even joyfully for the truth*s sake. 

As always after such an upheaval in the em- 
pire, there was at once a great interest in every- 
thing foreign manifested by the people. Students 
poured into the schools; the medical work made 
great advance, and the evangelistic work ex- 
panded in many directions. 

Bishop Graves, in concluding^ his report for Need for Two 

r^ ^ o ir Missionary 

1900-1901, says: '' It is intended to ask the Gen- i^istricts 



ii6 American Episcopal Church in China 

eral Convention to divide the present jurisdiction 
into two. The principal reasons for the division 
are: (i) The size of the jurisdiction, 163,411 
square miles, with a population of more than 
75,000,000; (2) the difference of dialect between 
Shanghai and the Mandarin-speaking districts, 
which, in this case, amounts to a practical differ- 
ence of language; (3) the difficulties of adminis- 
tration which the said differences of language, 
combined with the distance that separates the 
centres of the work, entails ; (4) the growth of 
the mission, which has doubled within the last 
few years." 
Bishop of ^y ^^^ action of the General Convention of 
Hankow iqqi, the jurisdiction was divided, the two prov- 
inces of Hupeh and Anhui, with portions of 
Kiangsi and Hunan, being cut off. Bishop 
Graves took for his jurisdiction the District of 
Shanghai, which covers the Province of Kiangsu. 
For the new missionary district the Rev. James 
Addison Ingle was chosen bishop. He was con- 
secrated on St. Matthias' Day, 1902, in St. Paul's 
Church, Hankow, by Bishops Graves, of Shang- 
hai; McKim, of Tokyo; Partridge, of Kyoto, 
and Corfe, of the English Church in Korea. 
The New ^^^ work in the new district began with every 

Missionary ^ -^ 

District promise. It included eight centres, each with its 
out-stations. In five of these centres foreign 
missionaries were resident. The educational in- 
stitutions were the Boone School for boys, and 



/■ 




RIGHT RKVKRKND JAMKS ADDISON INGI.K, M.A. 

First Bishop of Hankow^ igo2-igo3 
Died December 7, igos 



The Division of the Diocese 117 

St. Hilda's School for girls, in Wuchang; a 
small boarding school for boys in Hankow, and a 
large number of day schools, both for boys and 
girls, in the various stations. The medical work 
included three hospitals— St. Peter's and the 
Elizabeth Bunn, in Wuchang, and St. James', at 
Anking, with a number of dispensaries. The 
evangelistic work had always been a strong and 
important feature in the district. It was growing 
in every direction, and there were well-laid plans 
for the opening of work in Changsha, in the 
long-closed Province of Hunan. '' We are striv- 
ing," wrote Bishop Ingle, " for the salvation of 
the whole man, the whole nation." 

Meanwhile, in the Shanghai district. Bishop 
Graves began at once to extend and increase the 
evangelistic work. The strength of Shanghai 
had always been in its educational and medical 
work, second to none in China. It was felt that 
now the time had come to push the purely evan- 
gelistic side. Early in 1902 a conference of the 
missionaries was held, definite plans for extension 
were made, and an appeal for workers was sent 
to the Church at home. In the fall stations 
were opened in Soochow and Tsing-poo, and in 
Wusih and Zang-zok, where work had been be- 
gun before the troubles of 1900, a new start was 
made. Soochow had been the desire of Bishop 
Williams's heart during his episcopate, and Zang- 



ii8 American Episcopal Church in China 

zok had actually been occupied in the early days 
of the mission. 

In the spring of 1903 a new hospital for women 
and children, called St. Elizabeth's Hospital, was 
opened in Sinza, Shanghai, and the old women's 
wards in Hongkew were transferred to St. Luke's 
Hospital. 
Summary of j^ June Bishop Gravcs had completed ten 
Progress years of his episcopate. In those ten years much 
progress had been made. Two missionary dis- 
tricts, instead of one ; work in five provinces, in- 
stead of three ; foreign missionaries in eight cities, 
instead of three; twenty-one foreign clergymen 
and twenty-five lay workers, instead of seven 
clergymen and seven lay workers, were some of 
the gains. And these were only the outward 
changes. There was also '' a wider and more 
thorough work, a deeper sense of unity among 
the workers, and a hopeful outlook for the 
future." 
^°"^AnTica°n ^^ Bishop luglc's rcport of the Hankow dis- 
^'^D°e^a^th"o1- ^^^^^ ^^^ 1902-1903 he spoke of the steady prog- 
Bishop Ingle j-gss which had been made in all departments of 
the work, appealed again for workers, and men- 
tioned casually his own ill-health. In the fall of 
1903 the bishop attended the Conference of 
Bishops of the Anglican Communion in China, 
held at Shanghai. Returning to Hankow, he 
was stricken with fever, and in spite of the skill 
and devotion of his physician, on December 7th, 



The Division of the Diocese 119 

1903, he laid down his work on earth, " dying as 
he had lived — in communion with God, praying 
for all that all might be blessed." The young 
diocese was left without the man who had led so 
hopefully, so bravely, so devotedly, during his 
short episcopate. It seems almost impossible to 
speak adequately of Bishop Ingle. He was a man 
of very beautiful personal character, of whom it 
may be truly said that everyone who knew him 
loved him, and he was also a man of brilliant 
intellect and statesmanlike ability. No duty was 
too unpleasant for him to undertake, no task 
seemed impossible if it ought to be done. And he 
was a Christian of the most earnest, kind, broad- 
minded and charitable disposition. His influence 
over all who came in contact with him was won- 
derful. 

The Presiding Bishop placed the administra- Roffs"s^iond 
tion of the district in the hands of Bishop Graves gishop of 

^ Hankow 

until action could be taken toward filling the 
vacancy. At the General Convention of 1904 the 
Rev. L. H. Roots, of the Hankow staff, was 
elected. He was consecrated in Boston Novem- 
ber 14th, 1904, and returned to the field early in 
1905. 

The year 1905-1906 was one of hopes and New Recruits 
fears in China. It would hardly be possible to opportunities 
overstate the gravity of the political situation at 
that time. The boycott of American goods, riots 
in various places, outbreaks against missions in 



I20 American Episcopal Church in China 

inland stations, are only bubbles on the surface. 
The China which has been so long apparently 
asleep is waking. The reform party, with its 
crude and ill-advised methods; the conservative 
party, with its face turned toward the past and 
its eyes obstinately closed to the signs of the 
times, are alike a menace to the good of the 
country which they profess to serve. In the 
midst of it all, in spite of all hindrances, the work 
of the Church has gone on with steady progress. 
Since 1900 no less than fifty-five new mission- 
aries have joined the stafifs of the two dioceses, 
of whom nearly all are now in the field. Every 
department of the work has prospered; the 
schools are full of students, in spite of the gov- 
ernment schools and private institutions which 
have been opened in such numbers ; the medical 
work was never more flourishing; the opening 
for evangelistic work demands more laborers. 
What the future is to bring, no one can say. We 
only know that now the Church is having oppor- 
tunities such as have never been presented be- 
fore, and she ought to take advantage of them. 
" Success is certain, because the work is the 
Lord's,'' wrote Henry Lockwood in the early 
days, before the mission had even succeeded in 
entering China. The conversion of China is in 
God's hands, not in ours, but we are responsible 
for its evangelization. 



The Division of the Diocese 121 

REFERENCES TO THE SPIRIT OF MISSIONS 

A Missionary's first Impressions (1900), p. 36. 

Consecration of St. Peter's Church (1900), p. 41. 

Memorial to Rev. Y. K. Yen (1900), P- 41. 

Mrs. Y. K. Yen (1900), p. 156. 

St. Mary's Hall (1900), p. 284. 

Wuhu (1900), p. 287. 

Unrest in China (1900), p. 297. 

The Situation in China (1900), p. 333. 

A Significant Ordination (1900), p. 336. 

Shasi (1900), p. 343. 

St. Hilda's School (1900), p. 274. 

Old Days in Wuchang (1900), p. 464. 

Affairs in China (1900), pp. 499-501. 

A Month on the Yangtse (1900), p. 501. 

Anxious Days in Wuchang and Hankow (1900), p. 537. 

Nganking (now Anking) (1900), p. 779. 

Outlook after the Troubles (1901), p. 74. 

Reopening Wuchang (1901), p. yy. 

China's Need and China's Hope (1901), p. 155. 

Work along the Yangtse (1901), p. 531. 

Division of the Diocese (1901), p. 596. 

Hospital at Nganking (now Anking) (1901), p. 730. 

Consecration of Bishop Ingle (1902), p. 322. 

Ichang (1902), p. 488. 

The Orphanage, Shanghai (1902), p. 597. 

Appeal for Workers (1902), p. 649. 

Visitation of Bishop Ingle (1902), pp. 663-715. 

Old City of Shanghai (1902), p. 804. 

St. James's Hospital, Nganking (now Anking) (1903), 

p. 83. 
Central China Plans (1903), p. 96. 
Bishop Schereschewsky's Bible (1903), p. 233. 
St. Elizabeth's Hospital (1903), p. 377, 
Bible Women (1903), p. 412. 



122 American Episcopal Church in China 

Ten Years in the Bishopric (1903), p. 574. 

Soochow (1903), p. 644. 

Bishop Ingle (1904), pp. 3-10-81. 

The Wuhu Church (1904), p. 88. 

Conference of Anglican Bishops (1904), p. 163. 

The Twing Memorial (1904), p. 169. 

Prince Pu-Lung (1904), p. 486. 

Changsha (1904), p. 814. 

Tsingpoo (1904), p. 820. 

Consecration of Bishop Roots (1904), p. 887. 

Yen Hall (1904), p. 902. 

St. Luke's Hospital (1905), p. 8. 

Ichang Women (1905), p. 56. 

Bishop Roots's Visitation (1905), p. 540. 



THE MISSION IN 1907 



X 

THE MISSION IN 1907 

THE portion of China in which the American The Field 
Church Mission is working Hes in the valley 
of the Yangtse River, extending from Shanghai 
to Ichang, a distance of about 1,000 miles, and in- 
cluding the provinces of Kiangsu, Anhui, Hupeh 
and parts of Kiangsi and Hunan. There are two 
missionary districts — the District of Shanghai, 
which includes the Province of Kiangsu ; and the 
District of Hankow, which includes the work in 
the other provinces. 

The work of any mission may be divided into The Methods 
educational, medical and evangelistic, each com- 
plete in itself, yet all mutually dependent. The 
work of the school or the hospital proves over 
and over again the opening wedge to gain en- 
trance for the purely evangelistic work, and while 
the prevention and cure of disease and pain and 
the development of the mind are in themselves 
important, yet they are, above all, means to an 
end — the bringing of the Gospel to influence and 
mould the lives of the people; while, on the 
other hand, to preach continually to the heathen, 
without attempting to train them in any other 

125 



126 American Episcopal Church in China 

way, would not be productive of the result we 
desire to see. 



EDUCATIONAL WORK 

The Value of "Yht cducatioual work of the mission is based on 

Educational 

Institutions g, carefully-organizcd and graded system of day 
schools, boarding schools and colleges. The day 
schools are attended principally by heathen chil- 
dren, who receive a good elementary education in 
Chinese, with English as an optional study in 
nearly all the schools of the Shanghai district, 
and in many of those of the Hankow district. 
All the pupils attend church, and are taught the 
truths of Christianity plainly and simply by a 
carefully arranged course of daily instruction. 
Through these schools entrance is gained into the 
homes. In the small boarding schools the work 
is about the same, but the children are more con- 
stantly under Christian influence. All these 
schools are planned to lead up to the work of the 
large schools. 

Shanghai — The educational institutions of the 
District of Shanghai include St. John's College, 
St. Mary's Hall, St. Mary's Orphanage, and the 
Church Training School for Women, all situated 
on the Jessfield compound, in the suburbs of 
Shanghai; a catechetical school at St. Peter's 
Church, Sinza, also a suburb of Shanghai ; board- 
ing schools for boys at Wusih and Soochow; a 




c 

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I— t 
M 

>^ 

H 

M 

> 
S 



o 






< 



The Mission in 1907 127 

boarding school for girls at Soochow, and day 
schools for boys and girls in all the stations. 

St. John's College, incorporated as a university st. John's 
in 1905, is one of the foremost educational institu- 
tions in China. Its students come from the best 
classes in the country, and there are so many 
applicants that only a small proportion of those 
who apply can be received. There are prepara- 
tory and collegiate departments, the latter includ- 
ing courses in the arts and sciences; and there 
are schools of theology and medicine. All the 
students attend church and receive definite and 
systematic instruction in Christian doctrine. 
They have a branch of the Young Men's Christian 
Association, a well-conducted debating society, 
and issue a bi-monthly magazine, called St, Johns 
College Echo. They take great interest in ath- 
letics. Many of the graduates occupy important 
and influential positions. While only about one- 
third of the students are Christians, the thor- 
oughly well-conducted courses in English, music 
and science have greatly increased the popularity 
and usefulness of the school. 

St. Mary's Hall is the outgrov/th of the Httle st Mary's 

■^ ^ Hall 

girls' school begun by Miss Emma Jones in 185 1. 
It has grown to be an important part of the edu- 
cation work of the Shanghai District. About 
two-thirds of the pupils are Christians, and their 
influence over the non-Christian girls is such that 
few leave the school at the end of the full course 



128 American Episcopal Church in China 

without having professed belief in Christianity. 
The addition to the curriculum of thoroughly 
well conducted courses in English, music and 
science has greatly increased the popularity and 
usefulness of the school. 
^Training The Church Training School trains Christian 

School for ° 

Bible Women womcn to act as Biblc-women, matrons of insti- 
tutions or teachers, and also receives a few 
women who wish to spend time in the study of 
Christian books without intending to become 
regular mission workers. The course of study 
is thorough, and the students do practical work 
in the dispensary or in the villages round about. 
There is also a department for instruction in plain 
sewing and embroidery. 

Orphanage ^t. Mary's Orphanage, which was begun in a 
trunk-room in St. Mary's Hall, with two or three 
Chinese babies, now occupies a large and con- 
venient building, and gives a home and teaching 
to about seventy girls. They are given a good 
education in Chinese and are taught to sew and 
embroider and to do the work of a Chinese house, 
and the older girls help in the care of the little 
ones. They are usually brought when very 
young, and they remember no other home but 
this, in which they are brought up. Christian 
children in a Christian home, until they go out to 
homes of their own or to be helpers in some of 
the institutions of the mission. 

cauchistJ ^ catechetical school in Sinza trains men to 










< 
a 



O 

o 
a 

w 

o 
o 

M 

H 
<Ji 

C/2 

Q 
tD 
H 
m 



The Mission in 1907 129 

act as catechists under the clergy of the different 
stations. 

Hankozv.—The educational institutions of the 
Hankow district are Boone College, Wuchang; 
St. Hilda's School, normal and catechetical 
schools, a training school for women, and a num- 
ber of smaller boarding and day schools. 

Boone College, Wuchang, is the outgrowth of Boone Coiiege 
Boone School, established 1871. It was raised 
to the rank of a college in 1905, and graduated 
its first class in 1906. In addition to the prepara- 
tory and collegiate departments, there are theo- 
logical and medical schools. The growth of the 
school has been sure and steady from the first, 
and it is one of the best known institutions in the 
Yangtse Valley. About one-third of the students 
are Christians. They publish a monthly maga- 
zine, called The Boone Educational World. 

St. Hilda's School, Wuchang, is the only st. H.ida-s 
boardmg school for girls that the Church has in fc°hooJ"^ 
this district. Nearly all the pupils are the daugh- 
ters of Christians. Since the opening of the pres- 
ent building, in 1899, the school has improved 
steadily, and has been visited more than once by 
Chinese ofilicials who wish to open girls' schools 
on the same plan. 

The Catechetical School, Hankow, trains men schools for 
to be catechists and evangelists. The Normal andYo^r"*' 
School, opened at Hankow in 1901 and trans- Te"aX?s 
ferred to Ichang in 1903, has a two years' course 



130 American Episcopal Church in China 

of study, intended to prepare men to teach in the 
primary schools. 

sJhoo?^tof ^^^ Training School for Women is conducted 

Women q^ much the same lines as the Shanghai school. 

It was opened at Hankow in 1904, having been 

tentatively begun the year before, and graduated 

its first class (six women) in 1906. 

Boarding There are small boarding: schools for boys at 

Schools for ^ -^ 

Boys Ichang, Shasi, Changsha, Wuchang, Hankow, 
Anking and Kiukiang. At Ichang Miss Hunting- 
ton has recently opened an industrial school for 
beggar boys. 

MEDICAL WORK 

The medical work is carried on in hospitals 
and dispensaries, by visits to the homes of pa- 
tients, and by trips to the country stations. In 
the hospitals regular services are conducted and 
instruction given to the patients, and Bible women 
and catechists attend at the dispensaries. 
St. Luke's Shanghai. — The hospitals in the Shang^hai dis- 

Hospital for . o t i , r • i 

Men and St. trict are St. Luke s, for men, m that part of 

Elizabeth's 

for Women Shanghai known as Hongkew; and St. EHza- 
beth's, for women and children, in the suburb of 
Sinza. The work of St. Luke's Hospital was be- 
gun in a small way by Archdeacon Thomson and 
the Rev. H. N. Woo in 1866. Its buildings have 
been enlarged several times, a large part of the 
necessary funds being the gift of Chinese friends. 
It is estimated that during these years over half a 



The Mission in 1907 131 

million cases have been treated. St. Elizabeth's 
Hospital was begun as a ward for women at- 
tached to St. Luke's, and the present building 
was opened in 1902. In both these hospitals the 
foreign doctors and nurses are assisted by a staff 
of Chinese. 

Successful dispensaries are carried on at St. 
John's College, at Grace Church, in the native 
city of Shanghai, and at Kiangwan. 

Hankow,— The hospitals of the Hankow dis- S°^p!^^^^^"^ 

^ Wuchang and 

trict are St. Peter's and the Elizabeth Bunn Anking 
Memorial in Wuchang, and St. James's in An- 
king. St. Peter's Hospital for men is the out- 
growth of the work begun by Dr. Bunn in 1875. 
It was not until 1894 that the work was housed 
in a suitable building, erected in memory of the 
late A. A. Low, by two of his sons. In 1906 this 
building was enlarged to meet the demands of 
the ever-growing work. The Elizabeth Bunn 
Memorial Hospital for women and children, was 
the first woman's hospital of the American 
Church Mission. In connection with it are three 
dispensaries, carried on in different parts of Wu- 
chang. St. James' Hospital, Anking, opened its 
doors in a semi-foreign building in 1901, work 
having been begun in a small way in 1896. A 
new hospital building has now been erected, the 
largest and finest in this part of China. 



132 American Episcopal Church in China 

EVANGELISTIC WORK 

Shanghai, — EvangeHstic work has always been 
the weakest part of the work in Shanghai, partly 
on account of the very great difficulties arising 
from the nature of the field ; but largely because 
the mission has been so under-manned and so 
many of the workers have been needed to carry 
on the flourishing medical and educational work. 
Since 1900 wide opportunities have opened be- 
fore the mission, and more than 400 people are 
now under instruction for baptism, while the total 
number of baptized persons has doubled in the 
last five years. The hindrances now are mainly 
from the lack of workers. 
^ c^en^r^s ^^^ ccutrcs of work in the Shanghai district 
(in 1907) are Shanghai, which includes Jess- 
field ; Hongkew ; Sinza, the walled city, and out- 
stations at Woosung and Ying-ziang-kong ; Soo- 
chow, with its out-station, Sandaung; Kiading, 
which includes the four stations of Kiading, 
Oending, Faung-ta and Tatsong; Kiangwan and 
San-ting-keu ; Wusih, with three out-stations, and 
twelve villages where there are enquirers; Zang- 
zok, with three out-stations; Sung-kiang; and 
Tsingpoo, with five out-stations. In Shanghai, 
Soochow, Wusih and Tsingpoo foreign mission- 
aries are in residence, and each centre of work is 
under the charge of a clergyman, with a staff of 
assistants. At the two stations of Kiangwan and 
Sung-kiang, Chinese priests are in charge. Each 




W 
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s 

a 

o 
pk 
o 

O 






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o 

M 

H 
O 
W 

o 

m 
to 



The Mission in 1907 133 

station has its church and school. The work is 
carried on by services in the churches and street 
chapels, by talks with the men who come to the 
guest rooms, and by trips through the country 
villages. Those who express a wish to become 
Christians are first enrolled as enquirers, and 
after a time of waiting to test their sincerity, are 
admitted by a public service as catechumens. 
They then enter upon a course of instruction, 
which lasts a year. At the end of this time those 
who are faithful and sufficiently instructed in 
Christian doctrine are admitted to baptism. They 
then enter upon a further course of training for 
two years before confirmation, and are then ad- 
mitted to the Holy Communion. 

Hankow. — From about the year 1890 the 
evangelistic work has been strong in the Hankow 
district. It is carried on by the Chinese clergy 
under the supervision of the foreign staflf, and 
by catechists and Bible women. 

In Hupeh province the four centres, at all of ce^nlrer 
which foreigners are in residence, are Hankow, 
Wuchang, Ichang and Shasi. Hankow includes 
four city churches and six out-stations. Wu- 
chang is the educational centre. There are four 
churches in the city and outside the wall, and 
eight out-stations. Ichang is the frontier station, 
and eighty miles below Ichang is Shasi, with four 
out-stations. A foreigner has been resident in 
Shasi since 1905. 



134 American Episcopal Church in China 

In Anhui province the centres are Wuhu and 
Anking, each with foreign clergy in residence, 
and with a circle of out-stations. 

In Kiangsi province the centre is Kiukiang, 
where work was begun in 1901. A Chinese 
clergyman, with a catechist, opened work at the 
capital, Nanchang, in June, 1907. 

Work was opened in Changsha, a capital of 
Hunan province, in 1902. In 1905 land was 
purchased inside the city, and the work is con- 
sidered to be very promising. 

In Hankow the foreign clergy have for twenty 
years conducted services for the foreign residents 
in the English Community Church, and at pres- 
ent about half the time of one clergyman is given 
to this work. 

In February, 1906, one of the Chinese clergy 
was sent to Tokyo to help in Christian work 
among the Chinese students resident there. He 
attended a school where his chief study was the 
Japanese language, together with some scientific 
and historical subjects, and out of school hours 
did what he could for his fellow-countrymen and 
fellow-students in connection with the work of 
our own Church in Toyko, and also in connection 
with the Young Men's Christian Association. He 
returned in June, 1907, and it is certain that his 
experience abroad will largely increase his useful- 
ness in China. 



The Mission in 1907 135 

WORK FOR WOMEN 

Closely connected with the evang^elistic work omy women 

•^ ^ Can Reach 

in both districts is the work among- the women, Chinese 

^ . Women 

carried on by the foreign women workers, with 
the aid of the Bible-women. Meetings and 
classes for the Christian women are held; visits 
are made to the homes of day-school pupils ; the 
women workers talk to the patients in the hos- 
pitals and dispensaries, visit the church members 
and their heathen neighbors, and direct the labors 
of the Bible-women. The growth and success of 
the work is only limited by the number of work- 
ers. In more than one station one woman does 
work which would be heavy for two, and in addi- 
tion oversees day schools or does dispensary 
work. 

Bishop Roots, in his report for 1905-1906, has 
voiced the situation in both districts : '' With such 
large endowments in brick and mortar as are 
necessary in our work, and such large outlay as 
must be made for purely material equipment, we 
realize that our greatest need, after all, is more 
for abundance of life, that we may use to the full 
the equipment we have. For this, as for our 
other needs, we must rely upon the constant sup- 
port of the whole Church, whose prayers must be 
joined to her other gifts, if our great common 
enterprise is to succeed.'' 



136 American Episcopal Church in China 

LITERATURE 

In the first years of the mission, when it had 
been settled at Shanghai, the first Bishop Boone 
and his clergy were actively engaged in trans- 
lating, and served on committees for the trans- 
lation of the Scriptures. Mr. and Mrs. Keith 
and Miss Fay translated books for the use of the 
pupils in the schools, and Mr. Keith prepared a 
dictionary of the Shanghai colloquial, the manu- 
script of which was lost at sea with him. The 
mission has had many members who have done 
good work in the line of translation, but fore- 
most stands the late Bishop Schereschewsky. Be- 
tween 1862 and 1875 he w^as engaged in trans- 
lating the Old Testament into Mandarin; and 
during this time, in conjunction with Dr. Bur- 
don, afterward Bishop of Victoria, he translated 
the Prayer-book into Mandarin. Later he made 
a translation of the Prayer-book into Wen-li. 
After his paralytic stroke in 1881, he worked on 
for twenty-five years, overcoming pain and weak- 
ness, producing a complete Wen-li translation 
of the Bible and a set of references for the Old 
and New Testament. He worked with the aid 
of a typewriting machine, living to finish the 
great work he had undertaken, " a remarkable 
example of pereseverance against difficulties and 
of sublime faith in God." 



Appendix A 137 

LIST OF BOOKS PREPARED BY MEMBERS OF 
THE AMERICAN CHURCH MISSION 

Book of Common Prayer. 

(In Wen-li, Mandarin, and Shanghai.) 

Church Hymnal. 

(354 hymns; Wen-li and Mandarin.) 

Epistles and Gospels for the Church Year. 
(Mandarin.) 

Bishop Graves. 

Bingham's Antiquities (8 books). 

Commentary on Isaiah. 

Commentary on Psalms. 

Church Doctrine — Bible Truth (Sadler). 

Office for admission of catechumens. 

Church Catechism explained. 

(Wen-li, Mandarin, and Shanghai.) 
Lessons from the Apocrypha. 

Rev. S. C. Partridge. 

(Now Bishop of Kyoto.) 
Transfiguration of Our Lord. 
Joseph a Type of Christ. 
Tract on the Liturgies. 

Rev. Y. K. Yen. 

Church History. 

Mental Philosophy. 
Rev. H. Sowerby. 

Teaching of the Christian Year. 

Rites and Ceremonies of the Church. 

Teaching and Preparation for Baptism. 
Rev. F. L. Hawks Pott, d. d. 

Life of Christ. 

Summary of Chinese History. 

Preparation for the Kingdom. 



138 American Episcopal Church in China 

Extension of the Kingdom. 
Parables of Christ. 
Physical Geography. 
Normal Teachings. 

Mrs. F. L. H. Pott. 

Women of Christendom. 

Rev. J. L. Rees. 

Universal History. 
Education of Mankind. 
Manual of Christian Doctrine. 
Book of Private Devotions. 
Set of Parish Registers. 

Bishop Ingle. 

Harmony of the Gospels. 

Rev. C. S. Huang. 

Manual for Confirmation. 
Four tracts. 

Rev. T. H. Tai. 
Four Tracts. 

Rev. James Jackson. 

Commentaries on Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Num- 
bers, Deuteronomy, Ecclesiastes, Job, Romans, 
1st Corinthians, Ephesians, Philippians. 

Rev. L. T. Wang. 

Commentary on the Lord's Prayer. 
Rev. D. T. Huntington. 

Chinese Primer. 

Practice of the Presence of God. 
Bishop Boone, 2d. 

The Sacraments. 

Commentary on the Psalms. 

The Psalter; arranged for Church Services in Wen- 

li, Mandarin, Shanghai. 



Appendix B 139 

LIST OF CHINESE CLERGY 

Deacon Priest Deposed Died 

Rev. K. C. Wong 185 1 1863 1886 

Rev. C. K. Tong 1856 *i86i 

Rev. Y. K. Yen 1868 1870 1898 

Rev. H. N. Woo 1873 1880 

Rev. T. S. Ting 1873 1877 

Rev. Y. T. Yang 1880 1884 

Rev. S. L. Chun 1880 1903 

Rev. Z. S. Yen 1880 1884 1889 

Rev. C. C. Wu§ 1882 1903 

Rev. S. C. Hwa 1882 1890 1905 

Rev. Y. Y. Sih 1882 1904 

Rev. Y. T. Chu 1882 1890 1903 

Rev. C. P. Hsia 1883 *i890 

Rev. S. H. Yangt 1883 

Rev. C J. Chang § 1884 

Rev. K. C. Li§ 1884 1907 

Rev. T. M. Chang § 1884 

Rev. C L. Ku§ 1884 

Rev. M. P. Kweif 1884 1892 

Rev. T. S. Chu 1885 1890 

Rev. T. F. Nieht 1888 1902 

Rev. T. S. Fung 1888 1897 

Rev. I. F. Tsun 1888 *i897 

Rev. M. K. Hwang t 1888 1902 

Rev. S. I. Wangt 1888 1898 

Rev. Y. T. Liut 1890 1897 

Rev. J. Y. Pei 1890 *i898 

Rev. T. L. Wu 1890 1906 

Rev. C. Y. Tong§ 1890 1904 

Rev. T. S. Yut 1890 1901 

Rev. C. S. Hut 1893 1901 

Rev. S. C. Hwang t 1893 1902 

Rev. T. F. Tseng t 1896 1901 



140 American Episcopal Church in China 





Deacon 


Priest Deposed Died 


Rev. T. K. Hut 


1896 


1906 


Rev. Y. L. Lit 


1896 


1 901 


Rev. T. H. Tai§ 


1898 


1900 


Rev. T. H. Fut 


1899 


1906 


Rev. P. N. Tsu§ 


1900 


1902 


Rev. T. Y. Chut 


1902 


1906 


Rev. H. K. Wang§ 


1904 




Rev. S. S. Dan§ 


1906 




Rev. N. T. Ng§ 


1906 




Rev. Y. Y. Tsu § 


1907 





* Deposed at his own request. 

t Clergy of the District of Hankow 1907. 

§ Clergy of the District of Shanghai 1907. 



Appendix C 



141 



LIST OF MISSIONARIES. 

The letter (S.) indicates that the person after whose name it 
appears is now a member of the staff in the District of Shanghai. 
The letter (H.) indicates membership in the staff of the District 
of Hankow. 



Lrrive 


d 


Withdrew 


1835 


Rev. Henry Lockwood. 
Died November, 1883. 


1839 




Rev. Francis R. Hanson. 


1838 


1837 


Rev. William Jones Boone. 

Consecrated Bishop, 1844. 

Died July, 1864. 
Mrs. Boone. 

Died August, 1842. 




1845 


Mrs. Boone 2d. 

Died January, 1864. 






Miss Eliza Gillette. 


1845 




Rev. Henry W. and Mrs. Wood. 


1845 




Rev. Richardson and Mrs. Graham. 


1847 




Rev. Edward W. Syle. 


1861 




Died 1890. 






Mrs. Syle. 






Died 1859. 


/ 




Miss Emma G. Jones. 


1861 




Died 1879. 






Miss Mary J. Morse. 


1852 




Died 1888. 




1847 


Rev. Phineas D. Spalding. 
Lost at sea, 1849. 




1850 


Miss Caroline Tenney. 
(Mrs. Keith.) 
Died 1862. 




185 1 


Miss Lydia Mary Fay. 
Died 1878. 





142 American Episcopal Church in China 

Arrived Withdrew 

Rev. Robert Nelson. 1881 

Died 1886. 
Mrs. Nelson. 1881 

Died 1885. 
Rev. Cleveland Keith. 
Died 1862. 
1851 Mr. John T. Points. 1856 

1853 Miss Catherine E. Jones. 

Died 1863. 

1854 Miss Emma J. Wray. 1855 
Miss Jeannette R. Conover. 

(Afterward Mrs. Elliot H. Thomson.) 
Died 1889. 

1855 Dr. M. W. Fish. 1856 
Mrs. Fish. 1856 

1856 Rev. John Liggins. 

Appointed to Japan, 1859. 
Rev. Channing M. Williams. 

Appointed to Japan, 1859. 

Consecrated Bishop, 1866. 
1859 Rev. Henry M. Parker. 

Killed in Chefoo, 1861. 
Mrs. Parker. 1861 

Rev. Elliot H. Thomson. (S.) 
Rev. Dudley D. Smith. 1863 

Mrs. Smith. 

Died 1862. 
Rev. Thomas S. Yocum. i860 

Rev. Samuel I. J. Schereschewsky. 

Consecrated Bishop, 1877. 

Resigned as Bishop, 1883. 
Died 1906. 
Rev. Henry Purdon. i860 

Mr. J. T. Doyen. 1861 





Appendix C 


143 


Arrived 


Withdrew 




Mrs. Jane Doyen. 


1861 




Mr. Edward Hubb^ll. 


1861 


1866 


Rev. Augustus E. Hohing. 

Died 1885. 
Mrs. Hohing. 

Died 1867. 


1876 


1867 


Miss Susan M. Waring. 






(Afterward Mrs. Schereschewsky.) 


1869 


Rev. Samuel R. J. Hoyt. 


1881 




Mrs. Hoyt. 


1881 


1870 


Rev. Wm. Jones Boone, Jr. 

Consecrated Bishop, 1884. 

Died 1891. 
Mrs. Boone. 

Died 1875. 




1874 


Rev. Francis H. Strieker. 


1875 




Dr. Albert C. Bunn. 


1879 




Mrs. Bunn. 






Died 1878. 




1876 


Miss Henrietta F. Harris. 

(Afterward Mrs. W. J. Boone.) 


1892 




Miss Mary C. Nelson. 


1881 


-1878 


Rev. Daniel M. Bates. 
Died 1901. 


1881 




Mrs. Bates. 


1881 




Rev. William S. Sayres. 


1886 




Mrs. Sayres. 






Died 1880. 




1880 


Miss Josephine Roberts. (S.) 

(Afterward Mrs. F. R. Graves.) 

Dr. Henry W. Boone. (S.) 

Mrs. Boone. 
Died 1881. 





144 American Episcopal Church in China 

Arrived Withdrew 

1881 Dr. Wm. A. Deas. 1890 
Rev. Frederick R. Graves. (S.) 

Consecrated Bishop, 1893. 

Mr. Edwin K. Buttles. 1882 

Miss Anna Stevens. 1886 

(Afterward the second Mrs. Sayres.) 
Miss Elizabeth K. Boyd. 

Died 1882. 

1882 Rev. Hebert Sowerby. 1894 
Mrs. Sowerby. 1894 
Miss Martha Bruce. 1884 
Miss Sara Lawson. 1887 

(Afterward Mrs. Edgar M. Griffiths.) 

1883 Rev. George H. Appleton. 1884 
Mrs. Appleton. 1884 
Rev. Arthur H. Locke. 1892 
Mrs. Locke. 

Died 1890. 
Miss Esther A. Spencer. 

Died 1891. 
Mrs. Kate J. Sayers. 1887 

1884 Miss Jessie A. Purple. 

Died 1887. 
Rev. Sidney C. Partridge. 1900 

Consecrated Bishop of Kyoto, 1900. 
Mrs. Partridge. 

Died 1886. 

1885 Dr. Edgar M. Griffiths. 1887 

1886 Rev. Francis L. H. Pott. (S.) 

Mr. Thomas Protheroe. 1888 

1888 Dr. Marie Haslep. 1896 

Dr. Percy Mathews. 1895 

Mrs. Mathews. 1895 

Miss Steva L. Dodson. (S.) 



Appendix C 145 

Arrived Withdrew 

1889 Mr. Samuel E. Smalley. (S.) 

Mrs. Smalley. (S.) 
1891 Dr. Edward Merrins. 1898 

Rev. James Addison Ingle. 

Consecrated Bishop of Hankow, 1902. 
Died 1903. 
Rev. Robert K. Massie. 1895 

Mrs. Massie. 1895 

1893 Miss Florence McRae. 1890 
Rev. Henry C. Collins, m. d. 1900 
Miss Georgia Starr. 1894 

1894 Mr. Frederick C. Cooper. (S.) 
Mrs. Cooper. (S.) 

Miss Lily F. Ward. 

Died 1897. 
Miss Lillis Crummer. (S.) 
Mrs. J. A. Ingle. 1904 

1895 Rev. D. Trumbull Huntington. (H.) 

Dr. Wm. L. Ludlow. 1897 

1896 Rev. James L. Rees. 1904 
Mrs. Rees. 1904 
Rev. Gouverneur F. Mosher. (S.) 

Miss Gertrude Mosher, Deaconess. 1900 

Rev. Logan H. Roots. (H.) 

Consecrated Bishop of Hankow, 1904. 
Dr. Mary J. Gates. 1900 

1897 Mr. George W. Cooper. 1901 

1898 Rev. Laurence B. Ridgely. (H.) 
Mrs. Ridgely. (H.) 

Mrs. G. F. Mosher. (S.) 

Rev. Robert E. Wood. (H.) 

Rev. S. Harrington Littell. (H.) 

Dr. Robert Borland. 1906 

Mrs. Borland. 1906 



146 American Episcopal Church in China 

Arrived Withdrew 

Rev. Franz E. Lund. (H.) 
Rev. Carl F. Lindstrom. (H.) 
Dr. Mary V. Glenton. (H.) 
Miss Annette B. Richmond. (S.) 

1899 Miss Pauline A. Osgood. 1906 
Rev. Cameron F. McRae. (S.) 

Rev. Benjamin L. Ancell. (S.) 

Dr. Charles S. F. Lincoln. (S.) 

Miss Charley Warnock. 1903 

Miss Eliza L. McCook. (H.) 

(Afterward Mrs. L. H. Roots.) 
Rev. Arthur M. Sherman. (H.) 
Dr. Edmund L. Woodward. (H.) 
Miss Mary E. Wood. (H.) 

1900 Rev. James Jackson. (H.) 
Mrs. Jackson. (H.) 

Mr. Wm. McCarthy. (H.) 
Mrs. McCarthy. (H.) 

1901 Dr. William H. Jeffreys. (S.) 
Mrs. Jeffreys. (S.) 

Miss Ann E. Byerly. (H.) 
Miss Charlotte Mason. (H.) 

(Afterward Mrs. S, H. Littell.) 
Mr. Giles B. Palmer. 1907 

Miss Gertrude Carter. (H.) 

(Afterward Mrs. A. A. Gilman.) 
Dr. Juliet N. Stevens. 1904 

1902 Rev. Edmund J. Lee. (H.) 
Mr. M. Panderell Walker. (S.) 
Rev. Alfred A. Gilman. (H.) 
Rev. Robert C. Wilson. (S.) 
Mrs. Lillian P. Fredericks. (S.) 
Miss Williette W. Eastham. (S.) 

(Afterward Mrs. C. S. F. Lincoln.) 



Appendix C 147 

Arrived Withdrew 

Rev. John W. Nichols. (S.) 
Rev. Fleming James. (S.) .1906 

Miss Alice M. Clark. (H.) 

1903 Rev. A. R. Van Meter. (H.) 1907 
Mrs. Van Meter. (H.) 1907 
Miss Ida N. Porter. (S.) 

Miss Rose M. Elwin. (S.) 

Mrs. Fleming James. (S.) 1906 

Rev. Amos Goddard. (H.) 

Rev. Paul Maslin. (H.) 

Miss M. T. Henderson, Deaconess. 1907 

Miss Marion S. Mitchell. (S.) 

1904 Rev. Arthur S. Mann. 

Died 1907. 
Miss Sarah Rhett. (S.) 

(Afterward Mrs. R. C. Wilson.) 
Miss Carrie M. Palmer. (S.) 
Mr. Lewis S. Palen. 1905 

1905 Dr. Harry B. Taylor. (H.) 
Rev. Albert Seth Cooper. (H.) 
Mr. Howard Richards. (H.) 
Miss L. E. Willey. (H.) 

(Afterward Mrs. P. T. Maslin.) 
Dr. Angie M. Myers. (S.) 
Mr. James H. George. 1906 

Dr. John MacWillie. (H.) 
Mrs. MacWillie. (H.) 
Miss Sarah N. Woodward. (S.) 
Miss Mary A Hill. (S.) 
Miss Theodora L. Paine, Deaconess. (H.) 
Miss Katherine E. Phelps, Deaconess. (H.) 
Miss Mary Ogden. (H.) 
Mr. Richard D. Shipman. 1906 

Rev. William H. Standring. (S.) 



148 American Episcopal Church in China 

Arrived Withdrew 

Miss Margaret E. Bender. (S.) 

Miss Susan H. Higgins. (H.) 

Miss Elizabeth P. Barber. (H.) 

1906 Dr. Claude M. Lee. (S.) 
Mrs. Lee. (S.) 

Miss Edith Hart, Deaconess. (H.) 

Miss Gertrude Stewart. (H.) 

Mr. George N. Steiger. (S.) 

Mr. Robert A. Kemp. (H.) 

Mr. Pearson Bannister. (H.) 

Dr. Augustine W. Tucker. (S.) 

Rev. George F. Bambach. 1906 

Mrs. Amos Goddard. (H.) 

1907 Rev. Thomas L. Sinclair. (S.) 
Mr. Montgomery H. Troop. (S.) 
Mr. Weston O'B. Harding. (S.) 
Mr. Julian N. Major. (S.) 
Miss Sada C. Tomlinson. (H.) 



Appendix D 149 

CHRONOLOGY OF THE MISSION 

Dates 

1834. 
May 14. Board of Missions votes to establish a mis- 
sion in China. 
July 14. Rev. Henry Lockwood appointed. 

1835. 

March. Rev. Francis R. Hanson appointed. 

June 2. Departure of missionaries. 

Oct. 4. Missionaries reach Canton. 

Dec. 22. Arrival in Batavia. 
1836. 

Feb. 17. Marriage of Mr. Lockwood. 

Aug. 9. Death of Mrs. Lockwood. (Miss Sophia 
Medhurst, daughter of Rev. W. H. Med- 
hurst of London Missionary Society.) 
1837. 

Jan. 17. Rev. William J. Boone, m. d., appointed. 

July 8. Dr. and Mrs. Boone sail. 

Oct. 22. The Boones reach Batavia. 
Mr. Hanson retires. 

1839. 
Jan. Boys' School in Batavia reorganized. 
April 6. Mr. Lockwood retires. 

1841. 

Mission removes to Macao. 
1842. 
Feb. Removal to Amoy. ■ Five treaty-ports opened 

in China. 
Aug. 30. Death of Mrs. Boone. 

1843. 

Dr. Boone goes to America (spring). 
Nov. 14. Miss Eliza Gillette appointed. 



ISO American Episcopal Church in China 

Dates 
1844. 
Oct. 26. Dr. Boone consecrated Bishop of China. 
Dec. 4. Mission party sails: Dr. and Mrs. Boone, 
Rev. Henry W. and Mrs. Wood, Rev. 
Richardson and Mrs. Graham, Miss Gil- 
lette, Miss Morse, Miss Emma G. Jones. 
1845. 
April 24. Missionaries reach Hongkong. 
June 17. Mission established at Shanghai. 
Nov. 19. Rev. E. W. and Mrs. Syle arrive. 
The Woods retire. 

1846. 
Easter Day. First Baptism : Wong Kong-chai. 

1847. 
Jan. 16. The Grahams retire. 
Aug. 28. Rev. P. D. Spalding arrives. 

1848. 
Oct. 22. Yen Yung-Kiung baptized. 

1849. 

Sept. Death of Mr. Spalding. 

1850. 
Jan. 6. Christ Church, Shanghai native city, conse- 
crated. 
Aug. 2. Arrival of Miss Tenney. 

1851. 
March. Arrival of Miss Fay. 

Dec. 25. Arrival of Rev. Robert and Mrs. Nelson, 
Mr. Keith, Mr. Points. 
Miss Morse retires. 
Sept. 7. Wong Kong-chai ordained deacon. 
Dec. 31. Girls' boarding-school opened in Shanghai. 



Appendix D 151 

Dates 

1853. 
Jan. 30. Arrival of Miss C. Jones. 
Feb. Mrs. Wong baptized. (The first girl in Miss 
Jones* School.) 
Church of Our Saviour, Shanghai, built dur- 
ing this year. 
Sept. Tai-pings infest Shanghai. 

1854. 
April 4. Arrival of Miss Conover. 
April 27. Marriage of Mr. Keith and Miss Tenney. 

1855. 
Aug. 3. Arrival of Dr. Fish. 

1856. 
Jan. I. Dr. Fish resigns. 

June 28. Arrival of Rev. C. M. Williams and Rev. 
John Liggins. 
Mr. Points retires. 
1857. 

Station opened in Sinza, District of Shang- 
hai. 
A school for blind established in Shanghai. 
June. Soochow visited. 

1858. 
Feb. Station opened in Zang-zok. 

1859. 

Zang-zok abandoned. 

Mr. Liggins and Mr. Williams appointed to 
Japan. 
Dec. 21. Arrival of large party of misssionaries 
among them Rev. Elliot H. Thomson 
and Rev. Samuel I. J. Schereschewsky. 
Dec. 28. Death of Mrs. Syle. 



152 American Episcopal Church in China 

Dates 

During this year a riot in Shanghai. Mis- 
sion church damaged. 

Agreement concerning Episcopal jurisdiction 
with the English Church. 



i860. 



Renewed rebellions in China. 



1861. 
Jan. Mr. Syle withdraws. Miss Emma Jones re- 

tires. 
April. Chefoo opened by Mr. and Mrs. Parker, Mr. 
and Mrs. Smith. 
Boys' school, Shanghai, closed. 
Oct. Mr. Parker murdered by rebels in Chefoo. 

1862. 
July 10. Death of Mrs. Keith in San Francisco. 
July 14. Death of Mrs. Smith at Chefoo. 
July 27. Mr. Keith lost in the burning of S. S. Golden 

Gate. 
July. Mr. Schereschewsky at Peking. 

1863. 
April. Mr. Smith retires. 
Chefoo abandoned. 
Nov. 8. Rev. Wong Kong-chai advanced to priest- 
hood. 
Nov. 24. Death of Miss C Jones. 

1864. 
Jan. 20. Death of Mrs. Boone at Suez. 
July 17. Death of Bishop Boone. 

1866. 

Oct 3. Bishop Williams consecrated. 

Hospital work begun in Shanghai. 



Appendix D 153 

Dates 

1868. 
Jan. 14. Bishop Williams arrives Shanghai. 
May 17. Yen Yung-kiung ordained deacon. 

Station at Kiang-wan opened. 
June 22. Wuchang opened. 

1869. 

March 10. Bishop Williams fixes his residence in 
Osaka, Japan. 

1870. 
Jan. 7. Rev. W. J. Boone joins the mission. 
Oct. 28. Rev. W. J. Boone and Rev. Yen Yung-kiung 

advanced to the priesthood. 
Dec. 25. Chapel of the Nativity opened in Wuchang. 

1871. 
Sept. Boone School, Wuchang, opened. 

1872. 
Sept. Bridgman School taken over by the mission. 

1873. 
May I. H. N. Woo ordained deacon. 

1874. 

St. Paul's Chapel, Hankow, opened. 
Oct. Bishop Williams assigned to Japan. 

Rev. W. P. Orrick elected Bishop of China. 
Declines. 
Dec. 3. Dr. A. C. Bunn arrives at Wuchang. 

1875- 
Oct. Rev. S. I. J. Schereschewsky elected bishop. 

Declines. 
Nov. 16. Death of Mrs. Boone. 



154 American Episcopal Church in China 

Dates 
1876. 

July. First railroad in China opened between Shang- 
hai and Kongwan. 

Oct. Mr. Schereschewsky again elected bishop. 
Accepts. 

Nov. 8. Duane Hall and Divinity School, Shanghai, 
opened. 
Emma Jones School, Shanghai, reopened. 

1877. 
June 14. Marriage of Rev. W. J. Boone and Miss 

Harris. 
Oct. 31. Bishop Schereschewsky consecrated. 

1878. 
Jan. 28. Death of Mrs. Bunn. 
Oct. 5. Death of Miss Fay. 

Dec. Elizabeth Bunn Hospital opened in a hired 
house in Wuchang. 

1879. 

Property at Jessfield, near Shanghai, pur- 
chased. 
April 14. Corner-stone of St. John's College, Shang- 
hai, laid. 
Aug. St. John's College opened. 

Dec. 19. St. Stephen's, San-tiang-Keu, consecrated. 

1880. 
June 25. Miss Roberts arrives at Shanghai. 
Dec. St. Luke's Hospital, Shanghai, opened. 

1881. 
Jan. Rev. and Mrs. Robert Nelson and Miss Nel- 

son retire. 
March i. Dr. Deas arrives at Wuchang. 
June. St. Mary's Hall, Shanghai, opened. 



Appendix D 155 

Dates 

Aug. 13. Bishop Schereschewsky prostrated by sun- 
stroke. 

Dec. 25. New Church of the Nativity in Wuchang 
opened. 

1882. 

Station at Kia-ding opened. 

1883. 

Sanitariums opened at Chefoo and Kiukiang. 
Oct. 24. Bishop Schereschewsky resigns his jurisdic- 
tion. 
Rev. George Worthington elected bishop. 
Declines. 

1884. 
April 24. Rev. W. J. Boone elected bishop. Accepts. 
June 3. Corner-stone of St. John's Church, Shang- 
hai, laid. 
Oct. 28. Bishop Boone consecrated. 

Chinkiang opened. 
Nov. I. St. John's Church, Shanghai, consecrated. 
Dec. 18. Rev. E. H. Thomson appointed archdeacon. 

1885. 
Oct. I. St. Mary's Orphanage opened at Shanghai. 

1886. 

March. Station removed from Chinkiang to Wuhu. 

Station at Shasi opened. 
Nov. 12. Death of Rev. Wong Kong-chai. 

1888. 
Jan. 6. First ordination in Hankow. 
May II. Dr. Marie Haslep reaches Wuchang. 
Dec. 25. The new St Mary's Hall, Shanghai, opened. 



156 American Episcopal Church in China 

Dates 
1889. 

Station at Ichang opened. 
Sept. 19. Death of Mrs. Thomson. 
Oct. 28. New Church of the Nativity at Wuchang 
consecrated. 

1890. 
Sept. 9. Ward for women opened at St. Luke's Hos- 
pital, Shanghai. 
Oct. Dr. Deas retires. 

1891. 

Riots. 
Sept. 2. Ichang property destroyed. 
Oct. 5. Death of Bishop Boone. 

1892. 

Jan. 24. First service held in new St. Paul's Church, 
Hankow. 
Bishop Hare visits China. 

1893. 
June 14. Rev. F. R. Graves consecrated bishop. 

Woman's Auxiliary established in Shanghai 
by Mrs. Twing. 

1894. 
Feb. First mission conference. 

New building at St. John's College, Shang- 
hai. 
May 19. St. Peter's Hospital, Wuchang, opened. 

1896. 

Training School for Bible-wom.en opened at 

Shanghai. 
Feb. 24-28. Second mission conference at Shanghai. 
Hospital work begun in Nganking (now 

Ankmg). 



Appendix D 157 

Dates 

1897. 
April 1-3. First conference of Anglican bishops at 
St. John's, Shanghai. 
Ichang house rebuilt. 
Revision of Prayer-book completed. 

1898. 

June 20. Death of Rev. Yen Yung-kiung. 

Sept. 29. St. Paul's Divinity School, Wuchang, opened. 

1899. 

Feb. II. Third mission conference at Wuchang. 
July 19. Science Hall, St. John's College, opened. 
Oct. 22. Grace Church, Shanghai, opened. 
Oct. 28. St. Peter's Church, Shanghai, consecrated. 
Dec. 7. St. Hilda's School, Wuchang, opened. 



1900. 



1901. 



Boxer year. 



. Station at Wusih opened. Kiukiang occupied. 
St. James's Hospital, Anking, opened. 
District divided into the Districts of Shang- 
hai and Hankov^. 

1902. 
Feb. 24. Bishop Ingle consecrated at Hankow. 
May. First conference of the Shanghai district. 
Oct. Station at Soochow opened. 

Death of Rev. Y. T. Chu. 

1903. 

March 17. St. Elizabeth's Hospital, Shanghai, opened. 
Dec. 7. Death of Bishop Ingle. 



158 American Episcopal Church in China 

Dates 
1904. 
Feb. 10-12. Second conference of the Shanghai dis- 
trict. 
Jan. 23. New building for St. Mary's Orphanage 

opened. 
Nov. 13. Bishop Roots consecrated. 

1905. 
May 3. St. James's Church, Wuhu, consecrated. 

St. John's College, Shanghai, incorporated as 

a university. 
Boone School, Wuchang, becomes Boone 
College. 



I 



INDEX 



INDEX 



American Bible Society, 2 

Amoy, 8 

Ancell, Rev. Benjamin L., 

106, 146 
Anhui, 113 
Anking, 102, 113; St. 

James's Hosiptal, 131 
Appleton, William, 21 

Baptism of first convert, 17 

Batavia, 3, 6, 7 

Bates, Rev. D. M., 71, 75, 

Begmning of mission, due 
to A. F. Lyde, i ; Board's 
resolution, i 

Bible, translation, 17, 46, 48, 
59, 62, 105, 136 

Bible-women, ']2, 104, 128, 

.129, 135. 

Bishop, first, appointed, 13 

Bishop Boone Memorial 
School, see Boone Col- 
lege 

Blind, 31, 40 

Board of Missions, appoints 
its first missionaries to 
China, 2; Japan, ZZ'-, reso- 
lutions concerning 
Chinese Exclusion Act, 94 

Boone, Henry W., M. D., 
72, ^z, 74, 90, 143 

Boone, Right Rev. W. J., 
M. D., 141 ; appointed, be- 
gins work in Batavia, 5-7 ; 
removes to Macao, then 
Amoy, 8; consecrated, 13; 
selects Shanghai , as cen- 



ter, 14; his work, 16-18; 
temporarily leaves China. 
22, 48 ; dies, 49 ; quoted, 5, 
6, 8, 16, 21, 2^, 40, 43, 46 

Boone, Mrs. W. J. (first), 
6, 8, 141 

Boone, Mrs. W. J. (sec- 
ond), 13, 47, 48, 49, 141 

Boone, Right Rev. W. J., 
Jr., 143 ; appointed, begins 
at Wuchang, 59; trans- 
ferred to St. John's Col- 
lege, Shanghai, 71 ; elect- 
ed Bishop, 79; conse- 
crated, 83 ; moves to Han- 
kow, 86; dies, 93; quoted, 
64-65, 83-84. 

Boone, Mrs. W. J., Jr. 
(Miss Harris), 143; has 
charge of Jane Bohlen 
School, "]"]) St. Mary's 
Hall, 75 

Boone College, Wuchang, 
opened, 60; Mr. Part- 
ridge in charge, 90; addi- 
tion, 102 ; present state, 
129 

Borland, Robert, M. D., 145, 
arrives, begins work in 
Wuchang, 106 

Boxer rising, described by 
Bishop Graves, 111-112 

Boyd, Miss Elizabeth K., 78, 
144 

Boys' schools, Batavia, 6, 
7; Shanghai, 15-16, 18, 21, 
22, 41, 53, 57, 69-70; see 
also Boone College, St. 
John's College 



161 



1 62 



Index 



Boys sent by government to 
America for education, 60 

Bridgman, Dr., 16 

Bridgman, Mrs. (Miss Gil- 
lett), 141; appointed, 9; 
arrives, 13 ; marries Dr. 
Bridgman, leaves the mis- 
sion, 16; returns to 
Shanghai, 61 

Bridgman Memorial School 
for Girls, Shanghai, 61 

Bruce, Miss Martha, yd>, 144 

Bunn, A. C, M. D., 143 ; ar- 
rives, begins work in Wu- 
chang, 62-64; trains stu- 
dents, 75 ; opens Elizabeth 
Bunn Hospital, 75-76; re- 
signs, y6 

Bunn, Mrs. A. C, 76, 143 

Buttles, Mr. Edwin K., 78, 
144 

Canton, undesirable for 
mission center, 2, 3; anti- 
foreign, 34 

Catechetical School, Han- 
kow, 129 

Chang, Viceroy, friendly 
during Boxer rising, 114 

Chefoo, 42-44, 56 

Children, medical work, 118, 
130, 131 ; see also girls' 
schools 

China, diocese, separated 
from Japan, 69 

Chinese Exclusion Act, ac- 
tion of Board of Mis- 
sions, 94 

Chingkiang, station opened, 
84; removed to Wuhu, 85 

Christ Church, Shanghai, 

21, 34, 47 
Church of Our Saviour, 
Shanghai, 29 



Church of the Nativity,, 
Wuchang, chapel opened, 
60; church opened, 78; 
cornerstone of new church 
laid, 86 

Clarkson, Miss Lavinia 
gives St. John's Church, 

83 
Colleges, Boone College, 60, 

90, 102, 129; St. John's 
College, 71, y2, y'^, 89, loi, 
107, 127 

Collins, Rev. Henry C, M. 
D., 14s; arrives in Han- 
kow, 100; reopens station 
at Ichang, 102 

Conferences, Anglican bish- 
ops, 105; staff, 102, 117 

Conover, Miss Jeannette, 
see Thomson, Mrs. E. H. 

Cooper, Mr. Frederick C. 
145 ; arrives, teaches in 
St. John's College, 103 

Cooper, Mrs. Frederick C, 
145; arrives in Shanghai, 
103 

Crummer, Miss Lillis, 145; 
arrives in Shanghai, 103; 
opens school for Bible- 
women, 104 

Davis, Sir John, intervenes 

concerning toleration, 14 

Deas, William A., M. D., y6y 

91, 144 

Division of diocese, 116 
Dodson, Miss Steva L., 87, 

144 i 

Domestic and Foreign Mis- m 

sionary Society, see Board 

of Missions 
Duane Hall and Divinity 

School, Shanghai, opened, 

70 I 



Index 



163 



Edicts, concerning Chris- 
tianity, 14, 86, 92 ; con- 
cerning worship in tem- 
ples, 55 

Elizabeth Bunn Memorial 
Hospital, Wuchang, open- 
ed, "jd'y under Dr. Haslep, 
86; closes, 91 ; under Miss 
McRae, 100; present state, 

131 
England, war with, 31 
Evangelistic work, 132-136 

Faithfulness of Chinese 
Christians, 115 

Fay, Miss Lydia, 141 ; ar- 
rives in Shanghai, 21 ; 
transferred to Church 
Missionary Society, 41 ; 
returns, 53 ; translates, 
135; work prospers, 57, 
69 ; dies, 70 ; quoted, 70-71 

Female Bible Society, 2 

First American Church 
missionary to China aD- 
pointed, 2; first work, 8 

First convert baptized, 17 

First single woman worker 
appointed to China, 9 

Fish, M. W., M. D., 30, 142 

Fryer, Mr., 54 

Gates, Mary J., M. D., 145 ; 
arrives, takes charge of 
woman's ward of St. 
Luke's Hospital, 103 

Gillett, Miss Eliza, see 
Bridgman, Mrs. 

Girls' schools, 21-22, 47-48, 
50, 61, 70; St. Hilda's 
School, 106, 107, 129; see 
also Jane Bohlen School, 
St. Mary's Hall, St. 
Mary's Orphanage 



Glenton, Mary V., M. D., 
146; arrives, begins work 
in Wuchang, 106 

Government sends boys to 
America for education, 60 

Graham, Rev. Richardson^ 
13, 18, 141 

Graves, Right Rev. F. R., 
arrives in Wuchang, 78 ; 
has charge, 86, 90 ; elected 
Bishop of China, conse- 
crated, 99-100; moves to 
Shanghai, 103 ; takes 
Shanghai District at divi- 
sion of diocese, 116; pre- 
face, xi ; quoted, 89, 90, 
100, 102, 103, 105, 106, 
III, 112, 113, 118; re- 
ports, 104, 113, 115, 116 

Graves, Mrs. F. R. (Miss 
Roberts), 143; arrives, 
takes charge of Jane Boh- 
len School, yj'y trans- 
ferred to Shanghai, mar- 
ries Mr. Graves, 78 

Griffiths, Edgar M., M. D., 
84, 144 

Hankow (city), visited by 
Bishop Williams, 56; 
work begun, 59; St. 
Paul's Chapel built, 64; 
work prospers, 75 ; first 
ordination, 86 ; Mr. In- 
gle's transfer, St. Paul's 
Church opened, 93-94 ; 
Mr. Ingle in charge, 100; 
work continues during 
Boxer rising, 114; Cate- 
chetical School, 129 ; 
Training School for Wo- 
men, 130 

Hankow, Missionary Dis- 
trict of, formed, under 



164 



Index 



Bishop Ingle, 116-117; un- 
der Bishop Roots, 119; 
educational work, 129- 
130 ; evangelistic work, 
133-134; medical work, 
131 ; scope, I2S 
Hanson, Rev. Francis R., 

141, 2-6; quoted, 4 
Hare, Right Rev. W. H., 

visits China, 94 
Harris, Miss Henrietta F., 
see Boone, Mrs. W. J., Jr. 
Haslep, Marie, M. D., 144; 
arrives in Wuchang, be- 
gins work in Elizabeth 
Bunn Hospital, 86; trans- 
ferred to St. Luke's, 
Shanghai, 91 ; retires, 103 
Hohing, Rev. Augustus, 
143 ; arrives in Peking, 
54; in Wuchang, 57; 
mobbed, 58 
Hohing, Mrs. A., 54, 143 
Holmes, Mr. and Mrs., 42 
Hongkew, see Shanghai 
Hospitals, 57, 61-62, 69, 91, 
130-131 ; Elizabeth Bunn 
Memorial, 76, 86, 91, 100, 
131; St. Elizabeth's, 118, 
130, 131 ; St. James's, 131 ; 
St. Luke's, 72>, 79, QO, Qi, 
loi, 103, 118, 130; St. Pe- 
ter's, 102, 131 
Hoyt, Rev. S. R. J., 59, 77, 

143 
Hung Hsiu-ch'uan, 27 
Huntington, Rev. D. T., 103, 

114, 145 
Huntington, Miss, 130 
Hupeh, 113 
Hymnal, 136 

Ichang, station opened, 87; 
riot, mission house 



burned, 92; re-opened by 
Dr. Collins, 102; Normal 
School, 129; beggar boys' 
school, 130 

Industrial schools, beggar 
boys, 130; blind, 31, 40 

Ingle, Right Rev. J. A., 
145 ; arrives in Shanghai, 
93; transferred to Han- 
kow, 93-94; takes charge, 
100; consecrated as Bish- 
op of Hankow District, 
116; dies, 118-119; report, 
118 

Jane Bohlen School, Wu- 
chang, 60; Mrs. Sayres 
takes charge, 76-yy ; Miss 
Roberts, 77 \ Miss Ward; 
replaced by St. Hilda's, 
106 

Japan, Nagasaki, center of 
first work, 2>2> \ Rt. Rev. C. 
M. Williams, bishop of 
China and Japan, 53; 
Osaka, bishop's residence, 
59; separation from 
China, 69 

Java, 3, 6, 7 

Jessfield estate, purchased, 

71 

Jones, Miss Catherine, 142; 
works in girls' school, 
Shanghai, 29, 47; dies, 
47-48 

Jones, Miss Emma, 141 ; ar- 
rives in Hongkong, 13 ; 
works in boys' school, 
Shanghai, 15, 18, 19; 
opens girls' school, 21-22; 
withdraws, 30-31, 41 

Keith, Rev. Cleveland, 142; 
arrives in Shanghai, 21 ; 



Index 



165 



member of committee 
during bishop's absence, 
22; translates, 45, 136; 
leaves Shanghai, 44; lost 
at sea, 45 

Keith, Mrs. Cleveland 
(Miss Tenney), 141; ar- 
rives in Shanghai, 21 ; 
marries Mr. Keith, 45 ; 
translates, 46, 136; leaves 
Shanghai, 44; dies, 45. 

Kiading, station opened, 78; 
chapel, etc., built, loi 

Kiangwan, 58 

Kiukiang, 56 

Lawson, Miss Sara, 144 ; ar- 
rives in Shanghai, 78 

Li, Mr., helps St. Luke's 
Hospital, 73-74 

Liggins, Rev. John, 142; ar- 
rives in Shanghai, 30; 
works in Zangzok, s^l 
mobbed, appointed to Ja- 
pan, 33 

Lincoln, C. S. R,^ M. D., 
146 ; arrives, begins work 
in Shanghai, 106 

Lindstrom, Rev. C. F., 146; 
arrives, begins work in 
Anking, 106 

Literary work, 136, 138; Bi- 
ble translation, 17, 46, 48, 
50, 59, 62, 105, 136; Pray- 
er-book translation, 17, 
48, 104, 136 

Littell, Rev. S. H., 145; ar- 
rives, begins work in Wu- 
chang, 106 

Liu, Viceroy, friendly dur- 
ing Boxer rising, 114 

Locke, Rev. A. H., 144; ar- 
rives in Wuchang, 79 ; has 
furlough, 86 



Locke, Mrs. A. H., 144; ar- 
rives in Wuchang, 79 

Lockwood, Rev. Henry, 
141 first American 
Church missionary ap- 
pointed to China, arrives 
in Canton, 2; go-es to 
Singapore, 3; Batavia, 3- 
4; retires, 7; quoted, 7, 
120 

London Missionary Society, 
3 

Low, Augustus, gives St. 
Peter's Hospital, Wu- 
chang, with Dr. Seth 
Low, 102 

Low, Dr. Seth, gives St. 
Peter's Hospital, Wu- 
chang, with Mr. Augus- 
tus, 102 

Ludlow, W. L., M. D., 145 ; 
arrives in Shanghai, 103 ; 
transferred to Wuchang, 
104 

Lund, Rev. F. E., 146; ar- 
rives, begins work in Wu- 
hu, 106 

Lyde, A. F., influenced 
Church towards China, i 

Macao, mission removed to, 
8 

McCook, Miss E. L., 146; 
arrives, begins evangelis- 
tic work among women in 
Hankow, 106 

McRae, Rev. C. R, 146; ar- 
rives, begins work in 
Shanghai, 106 

McRae, Miss Florence, 145 ; 
arrives, begins work in 
the Elizabeth Bunn Hos- 
pital, 100 

Malays, 4 



i66 



Index 



Mandarin language, 46, 48, 
50, 59, 62, 104, 136 

Massie, Rev. R. K., 145; 
arrives in Shanghai, 93 

Mathews, Percy, M. D., 
144; arrives in Shanghai, 
87 ; works there, 90 

Mathews, Mrs. Percy, 144; 
arrives in Shanghai, 87 

Medical work, 130-131 ; Ba- 
tavia, 6 ; Shanghai, 30, un- 
der Dr. Boone, 72-74; 
prospers, 90 ; Wuchang, 
under Dr. Bunn, 62-64; 
see also Hospitals 

Merrins, Edward, M. D., 
145; arrives in Wuchang, 
reopen,s hospitalj, 93-94 ; 
opens hospital work in 
Anking, 104 

Morse, Miss M. J., 141 ; ar- 
rives in Hong Kong, 13 ; 
boys' school in Shanghai, 
15 ; withdraws temporar- 
ily, 20-21 ; finally, 22 

Mosher, Rev. G. R, 145 ; ar- 
rives in Shanghai, 103 

Nagasaki, Japanese work 
begun, 32>^ 

Native ministry, 64-65 

Nelson, Miss M. C, 143; 
takes charge of girls' 
school, 70; resigns, 75 

Nelson, Rev. Robert, 142; 
arrives in Shana^hai, 21 ; 
on committee during bish- 
op's absence, 22 ; visits 
Soochow, 31 ; United 
States, 41 ; returns, 55 ; 
makes tour with Bishop 
Williams, 56; withdraws, 

75 
Nelson, Mrs. Robert, 55, 75, 
142 



New Testament, see Bible 
Newton, E. A., resolution to 

establish mission, i 
Nganking, see Anking 
Normal School, Ichang, 129 

Orphanages, St. Mary's, 
Shanghai, opened, 85 ; un- 
der Mrs. Pott, 90; closed 
temporarily, 113; present 
state, 128 

Orrick, Rev. W. P., declines 
election as Bishop of 
China, 69 

Osaka, residence of Bishop 
Williams, 59 

Osgood, Miss P. A., 146; 
arrives, teaches in Wu- 
chang, 106 ; takes charge 
of St. Hilda's School, 106 

Parker, Rev. H. M., 142; 
arrives, opens work in 
Chefoo, 42 ; killed by reb- 
els, 44 

Parker, Mrs. H. M., 142; 
arrives, opens work in 
Chefoo, 42 ; returns after 
husband's murder, 44 

Partridge, Right Rev. S. C, 
144; arrives, 84; has 
charge of Boone School, 
90; change in work, 100 

Peking, center of Bishop 
Schereschewsky's work, 
46, 48, 5q; visited by 
Bishop Williams, 56 

Persecutions, 34, 91, 92 ; 
Boxer rising, ITI-112 

Points, John, 21, 31, 142 

Pott, Rev. F. L. H., 144; ar- 
rives in Shanghai, joins 
faculty of St. John's Col- 



Index 



167 



lege, 87; has charge of 
the college, 89 

Pott, Mrs. R L. H. (Miss 
Wong), begins orphanage 
work, 84, 88; marries Mr. 
Pott, 88; has charge of 
St. Mary's Orphanage, 90 

Prayer-book, translation, 17, 
48, 104, 136 

Printing office, in Shanghai, 
40 

Progress in civilization, 8, 
14, 32, 59-61, 65 

Railroad, first, 65 

Rebellions, 27-29, 39-40, 44, 
46, 111-112 

Reed, Hon. W. B., 33 

Rees, Rev. James L., 145 ; 
arrives in Shanghai, 103 ; 
takes charge of St. Pe- 
ter's Church, 107 

Rees, Mrs. James L., 145 ; 
arrives in Shanghai, 103 

Resolution to establish mis- 
sion, I 

Retrenchments, 41 

Richmond, Miss A. B., 146; 
arrives, teaches in Shang- 
hai, 106 

Ridgely, Rev. L. B., 145; 
arrives, begins work in 
Wuchang, 106 

Riot year, 91-93 

Roberts, Miss Josephine, see 
Graves, Mrs. F. R. 

Roots, Right Rev. L. H., 
145 ; arrives in Wuchang, 
104; remains at work dur- 
ing Boxer rising, 114; 
consecrated Bishop of 
Hankow, 119; quoted, 135 

St. Elizabeth's Hospital, 
Shanghai, 118, 130, 131 



St. Hilda's School, Wu- 
chang, replaces the Jane 
Bohlen School, 106, 107 ; 
prospers, 129 

St. James's Hospital, An- 
king, 131 

St. John's Church, Shang- 
hai, consecrated, 83 

St. John's College, Shang- 
hai, opened, 71 ; English 
classes, 78; faculty, 78; 
Memorial Church, conse- 
crated, 83 ; under Mr. 
Pott, 89; new building, 
loi ; Science Hall opened, 
107; present state, 72, 127 

St. John's Pro-Cathedral, 
Shanghai, 72 

St. Luke's Hospital, Shang- 
hai, opened, 73 ; grows, 
79 ; closed temporarily, 
90; opens w^omen's ward 
under Dr. Haslep, 91 ; 
transferred from trustees 
to mission, loi ; Miss 
Wong, Dr. Gates, suc- 
ceed Dr. Haslep, 103 ; 
present state, 130, 131 

St. Mary's Hall for Girls, 
Shanghai, formed, 74-75 ; 
orphanage work, 84; new 
building, 87 ; under Miss 
Dodson, 90 ; first school 
in Shanghai to re-open 
after Boxer rising, 114 

St. Mary's Orphanage, 
Shanghai, opened, 85 ; un- 
der Mrs. Pott, 90; closed 
temporarily, 113; present 
state, 128 

St. Paul's Church, Hankow, 
chapel built, 64 ; daily ser- 
vices during Boxer rising, 
114 



i68 



Index 



St. Paul's Divinity School, 

"^ Wuchang, built, 107 

St. Peter's Church, Shang- 
hai, opened, 107 

St. Peter's Hospital, Wu- 
chang, given by Dr. Seth 
Low and Augustus Low, 
102, 131 

San-ting-keu, 64 

Sayers, Mrs. K. J., 144; ar- 
rives, begins work at Eliz- 
abeth Bunn Memorial 
Hospital, 79 

Sayres, Rev. W. S., 143 ; 
appointed, takes charge of 
Wuchang station, 76; 
transferred to Shanghai, 
78; opens station at 
Ching-kiang, 84 

Sayres, Mrs. W. S. (first), 
143 ; appointed, takes 
charge of Jane Bohlen 
School, "j^) dies, 'yy 

Sayres, Mrs. W. S. (sec- 
ond), (Miss Stevens), 
144 ; g.rrives, takes charge 
of St. Mary's Hall, 75, 78; 
marries Mr. Sayres, 78 

Schereschewsky, Right Rev. 
S. L^ J., 142; arrives, ZZ\ 
studies Mandarin lan- 
guage and works in Pe- 
king, 46 ; translates, 48, 
50, 59, 62, 136; conse- 
crated, 69; arrives in 
Shanghai, 70-71 ; para- 
lyzed, "j^ ; resigns as bish- 
op, 79 ; died, 142 

Schereschewsky, Mrs. S. I. 
J. (Miss Waring), ^ 143; 
arrives in Shanghai, 55 ; 
marries Mr. Schereschew- 
sky, 59 

Schools, 59, 61, 69, 75, 116- 



117, 126-129; Bible-wo- 
men, 'J2, 104, 128, 129; 
blind, 31, 40; boys, 6, 7, 
15-16, 18, 21, 22, 41, 53, 
57, 60, 69-70; Catechetical 
School, 129; Duane Hall, 
70; girls, 21-22, 47-48, 50, 
61, 70; Normal School, 
129; St. Hilda's School, 
106, 107, 129 ; St. Paul's 
Divinity School, 107; see 
also Boone College, Jane 
Bohlen School, St. John's 
College, St. Mary's Hall 

Shanghai (city), described, 
14; beginnings of work 
under Bishop Boone, 14- 
22 ; capture and siege, 29 ; 
trials, 29-31, 39-42, 43, 46- 
50; encouragements, 55; 
report, 61-62 ; work pros- 
pers, 87-89, 90, 100, lOI, 
103, 104, 105; refuge dur- 
ing Boxer rising, 114; 
B r i d g m a n Memorial 
School for Girls, 61 ; 
Church of Our Saviour, 
29; Duane Hall and Di- 
vinity School, 70; St. 
Elizabeth's Hospital, 118, 
130, 131 ; St John's 
Church, 83; St. John's 
Pro-Cathedral, 72 ; St. 
Peter's Church, 107 ; see 
also Christ Church, St. 
John's College, St. Luke's 
Hospital, St. Mary's Hall, 
St. Mary's Orphanage 

Shanghai, Missionary Dis- 
trict of; formed under 
Bishop Graves, 116, 117- 
118; educational work, 
126-129 ; evangelistic 
work, 132-133; medical 



Index 



169 



work, 130, 131 ; scope, 125 

Shasi, 85-86 

Sherman, Rev. A. M., 146; 
arrives, begins work in 
Wuchang, 106 

Singapore, chosen for mis- 
sion and abandoned, 3 

Sinza, see Shanghai 

Smalky, Mr. and Mrs. S. 
E., 145 ; arrive in Shang- 
hai, 87 

Smith, Rev. and Mrs. D. D., 
42, 44, 47, 142 

Soochow, 31, 39, 56, 117 

Sowerby, Rev. Herbert, 
144; joins Wuchang staff, 
79; opens station at Sha- 
si, 85 ; Ichang, 87 ; mob- 
bed, 92; special charges, 
100 

Sowerby, Mrs. Herbert, 
144; joins Wuchang staff, 
79; takes charge of Jane 
Bohlen School, 100 

Spalding, Rev. P. D., 18, 20, 
141 

Spencer, Miss E. A., 144; 
arrives, takes charge of 
English department in St. 
John's College, 78; dies, 

9J 

Spirit of Missions, refer- 
ences, 9, 23, 35, 50, 65-66, 
80, 95-96, 12 1 -122 

Statistics, 57, 62, 84, 118 

Stevens, Miss Anna, see 
Sayres, Mrs. W. S. (sec- 
ond) 

Syle, Rev. E. W., 141 ; ar- 
rives in Shanghai, 16; 
preaches, 18; has Christ 
Church, 21 ; on commit- 
tee during bishop's ab- 
sence, 22 ; goes to Cali- 



fornia, returns, 30; indus- 
trial school for blind, 31, 
40; printing office, 40; 
withdraws, 41 ; quoted, 
19-20 

Ta-tsong, 56 

Tai-ping rebellion, 27-29 

Tenney, Miss Caroline, see 
Keith, Mrs. Cleveland 

Theological School, see Du- 
ane Hall and Divinity 
School 

Thomson, Ven. E. H., 142; 
arrives in Shanghai, 2>3 \ 
in charge after Bishop 
Boone's death, 50; itiner- 
ates, 53-54; hospital work, 
57; appointed as archdea- 
con, 84; quoted, 54-55 

Thomson, Mrs. E. H. (Miss 
Conover), 142; arrives in 
Shanghai, 29 ; visits Mrs. 
Tong, 41 ; leaves tempor- 
arily, 41 ; marries Mr. 
Thomson, 50; has charge 
of Bridgman Memorial 
School, 61 ; dies, 88-89 

Tientsin, 56 

Tokyo, work among Chi- 
nese students, 134 

Toleration of Christianity, 
3^, 56, 59, 86, 92 

Tong-Tsu-kyung, 41 

Training School for Wo- 
men, Hankow, 130 

Translation of Bible, see 
Bible 

Translation of Prayer-book, 
see Prayer-book 

Treaties of peace, 32 

Treaty-ports, 8, 14, 32 

Tsang-ka-bang, 31 

Tsing-poo, 117 



170 



Index 



Tungchow, 56 

Twing, Mrs., organizes 
branch of Woman's Aux- 
iliary among Chinese wo- 
men, lOI 

Victoria, Bishop of, quoted, 

War with England, 31 
Ward, Miss L. R, 145; ar- 
rives, takes charge of 
Jane Bohlen School, 103; 
dies, 104 
Waring, Miss Su(san, see 
Schereschewsky, Mrs. S. 

I.J. 

Warnock, Miss Charley, 
146; arrives, begins evan- 
gelistic work among wo- 
men in Shanghai, 106 

Williams, Right Rev. C. M., 
142; arrives in Shanghai, 
30; visits Soochow, 31; 
Zang-zok, 32 ; appointed 
to Japan, 2>3 \ elected Bish- 
op of China and Japan, 
53; tours of inspection, 
56; hopeful, 61; retains 
Japan at division of dio- 
cese, 69; quoted, 57, 62 

Women, work among, edu- 
cational, 127-128, 129, 130; 
evangelistic, 135 ; interest 
in increased by Mrs. 
Twing, loi ; medical, 118, 
130, 131 

Wong Kong-chai, Rev., first 
convert baptized, 17; dea- 
con, 22, 41 ; mobbed, 2>Z J 
priest, 47; assists Mr. 
Thomson, 50 ; accom- 
panies Bishop Williams 
on tour, 56; attends con- 



secrations of both Bish- 
ops Boone, 83 ; dies, 87-88 

Wong, Mrs., baptized, 22; 
speech on wedding day, 88 

Wong, Miss, see Pott, Mrs. 
F. L. H. 

Woo Hoong-nyok, Rev., 53, 
57, 58, 7Z, 78-79 

Wood, Rev. Robert E., 145 ; 
arrives, begins work in 
Wuchang, 106 

Wood, Rev. H. W., 13, 16, 
141 

Woodward, E. L., M. D., 
146; arrives, begins work 
in Anking, 106 

Worthington, Right Rev. 
George, declines bishopric 
of China, 79 

Wray, Miss Emma, 29, 142 

Wuchang, visited by Bishop 
Williams, 56; opened, 57- 
60; work prospers, 62-64, 
75-78, 79, 100, 102, 103, 
104, 106, 107; Mr. Graves 
in charge, 86, 90; medical 
work stops, 91 ; re-opens, 
93; work abandoned, 113; 
resumed, 115; St. Paul's 
Divinity School, 107; St. 
Peter's Hospital, 102, 131 ; 
see also Boone College, 
Church of the Nativity, 
Elizabeth Bunn Memorial 
School, Jane Bohlen 
School, St. Hilda's School 

Wuhu, removal of station 
from Chingkiang, 85 

Wusih, 117 

Yen Yung-kyung, Rev., 20, 
57, 58, 59, 71, 105 

Zang-zok, 32, 33, 56, 117 



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